ATOL: Collaborative Research: Archosaur Phylogeny - A Total Evidence Approach at Fine Taxonomic Levels

ATOL：合作研究：祖龙系统发育 - 精细分类水平的全面证据方法

• 批准号: 0228629
• 负责人: John Gatesy
• 金额: $ 3.1万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-10-01 至 2008-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0228629&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ATOL; Collaborative; Research; Archosaur; Phylogeny

Collaboartive Research: Archosaur phylogeny-a total evidence approach at fine taxonomic levelLiving birds form an extensive, undoubtedly monophyletic assemblage of vertebrates. Yet even after over 150 years of intense study the interrelationships of the orders, families, and genera of extant birds are still poorly understood. Recently it has beenconclusively demonstrated that birds are nested within theropod dinosaurs. Fossils of some of these groups have been found that display a number of features that have previously been thought of as avian (e.g. feathers, brooding behavior, furculae). We propose to examine the relationships of theropod dinosaurs (including birds) using a total evidence approach at very fine levels. In the morphological analysis we will develop a matrix of scoreable characters across the entire diversity of non-avian theropods andat fine taxonomic levels within birds (I.e. near the generic level). Molecular analyses will use high-throughput sequencing techniques to produce molecular sequences from birds and outgroup taxa. Nuclear genes will be used predominantly to complement prior mitochondrial sequencing; the RAG-1 exon will be sequenced for most genera of extant birds, and additional genes such as RAG-2, MC3R, and cMOS will be sequenced for exemplars to establish deeper level relationships. Analysis of these data will result in a fine-grained phylogenetic hypothesis of living and fossil birds and their close theropod relatives. Such a phylogeny will have obvious importance for the study of a broad range of evolutionary questions within theropods. A major focus of this grant is the development of a 'supermatrix'. We envision this matrix to be a virtual archive for all the character information that we generate during this study. Several different kinds of data will be stored here. Digital images of specimens will allow character conditions to be examined within the context of the matrix. Molecular information will be available as well. Capabilities for the development and export of character matrices into formats conventionally used for phylogenetic analysis will also be available. As this informationis published it will be made available over the www.

协作研究：Archosaur系统发育 - 一种精细分类左旋鸟类的总证据方法形成了脊椎动物的广泛，无疑是单一的单系组合。 然而，即使经过超过150年的深入研究，现存鸟类的命令，家庭和属的相互关系仍然知之甚少。 最近，它表明了鸟类嵌套在兽脚类恐龙中。其中一些组的化石已经发现，这些化石表现出许多以前被认为是鸟类的特征（例如羽毛，繁殖行为，furculae）。 我们建议使用非常良好的证据方法来检查兽脚类恐龙（包括鸟类）的关系。在形态学分析中，我们将在非avian兽人的整个多样性和鸟类内的精细分类水平（即接近通用水平）中开发出可记分的特征的矩阵。 分子分析将使用高通量测序技术来产生鸟类和外部类群的分子序列。 核基因将主要用于补充先前的线粒体测序。 RAG-1外显子将用于大多数现存鸟类的属，并将对其他基因（例如RAG-2，MC3R和CMOS）进行测序，以建立更深层次的关系以建立更深层次的关系。 对这些数据的分析将导致生命和化石鸟类及其亲密兽脚亲属的细粒系统发育假设。 这种系统发育对于研究兽脚类动物中广泛的进化性问题的研究将显而易见。 这笔赠款的主要重点是开发“超级马比赛”。 我们设想这个矩阵是我们在本研究中生成的所有字符信息的虚拟档案。 这里将存储几种不同类型的数据。 标本的数字图像将允许在矩阵的上下文中检查字符条件。分子信息也将提供。 还将提供传统用于系统发育分析格式中字符矩阵开发和导出的功能。随着此信息的发布，它将通过www提供。