Doctoral Dissertation Research: Holocene Climatic and Ecologic History of the Northern Great Basin
博士论文研究:北部大盆地全新世气候与生态史
基本信息
- 批准号:0220966
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 0.55万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2002
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2002-07-15 至 2003-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The objectives of this doctoral dissertation research project are to reconstruct the climate, vegetation, and fire history in the northern Great Basin from an examination of fossil pollen and charcoal records contained in lake-sediment cores. The Great Basin is a region of diverse topography, vegetation, and climate, and as such it provides an excellent opportunity to study the response of ecosystems to a wide array of environmental changes in the past. By focusing on three lake sites at different elevations, this study will (1) elucidate the response of vegetation and fire regimes to changes in effective moisture, temperature, and other bioclimatic variables; (2) reconstruct the biogeographic history of important conifer species growing at different elevations; and (3) apply modern pollen-climate relations in western North America to identify the magnitude of past climate and vegetation changes. Past changes in vegetation will be determined by changes in the relative and absolute abundances of pollen types in stratigraphic records. The presence of plant macrofossils in the cores will help confirm species identifications in cases where the pollen cannot. Variations in past fire activity will be inferred from changes in the rates of macroscopic charcoal accumulation in contiguous samples. Interpretation of the fossil pollen data in terms of past climate and vegetation will be based on the quantitative relationship between modern pollen data and present-day climate information. The chronology of environmental changes will be developed from a series of radiocarbon dates and lead-210 dates, as well as the age of known tephra layers. The products of this study will be a better understanding of Holocene forest development at different elevations in the northern Great Basin, and information on the role of fire and climate in the ecological history.The results of this research will contribute to a better understanding of (1) the effects of global climate change, past and present, on regional vegetation patterns and fire regimes in the Great Basin; (2) modern pollen-climate relations and their use in the reconstruction of past climates; and (3) the environmental controls on human activities in the northern Great Basin during the Holocene. Since 1988, the western U.S. has experienced a number of large, stand-replacing fires. In the year 2000 over 8 million acres burned in the U.S., and in the first six months of 2002 there have been ~2.5 million acres consumed by wildland fires. Many of these fires may be attributable to anomalously dry conditions throughout the west. Heightened fire activity is predicted in models of future climate change, and the best analogue for these conditions may be past periods when the climate was warmer- and drier-than-present. By understanding the linkages between climate, vegetation, and fire in the past, recent fire events can be placed within a context of natural variations occurring on decadal-to-millennial time scales. Information on the natural range of variability will help land-use managers in the United States develop strategies that consider forest sensitivity to climate change and disturbance regimes. The use of modern pollen and climate analogues will improve our ability to reconstruct past climate conditions from fossil pollen records. Pollen data are the primary terrestrial database used to reconstruct past climate, so this refinement is an important contribution to paleoclimatology and geography. Finally, this study will contribute to archeology by providing an environmental backdrop for cultural changes in the Great Basin. Periods of drought, for example, seem to be associated with changes in subsistence patterns in this region. This research will help to clarify these relationships. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.
该博士论文研究项目的目标是通过检查湖泊沉积物核心中包含的化石花粉和木炭记录来重建大盆地北部的气候、植被和火灾历史。 大盆地是一个地形、植被和气候多样化的地区,因此它为研究生态系统对过去各种环境变化的响应提供了绝佳的机会。 通过关注不同海拔的三个湖泊地点,本研究将(1)阐明植被和火灾状况对有效湿度、温度和其他生物气候变量变化的响应; (2)重建不同海拔重要针叶树种的生物地理历史; (3) 应用北美西部的现代花粉-气候关系来确定过去气候和植被变化的程度。 过去植被的变化将由地层记录中花粉类型的相对和绝对丰度的变化决定。 在花粉无法识别的情况下,核心中植物大化石的存在将有助于确认物种鉴定。 过去火灾活动的变化可以通过连续样本中宏观木炭积累速率的变化来推断。 根据过去的气候和植被对化石花粉数据的解释将基于现代花粉数据和当今气候信息之间的定量关系。 环境变化的年表将根据一系列放射性碳测年法和铅210测年法以及已知火山灰层的年龄来确定。 这项研究的成果将有助于更好地了解大盆地北部不同海拔地区的全新世森林发育,以及有关火灾和气候在生态历史中的作用的信息。这项研究的结果将有助于更好地了解( 1) 过去和现在的全球气候变化对大盆地区域植被格局和火灾状况的影响; (2) 现代花粉-气候关系及其在重建过去气候中的应用; (3)全新世北部大盆地人类活动的环境控制。 自 1988 年以来,美国西部经历了多起大规模的火灾。 2000 年,美国有超过 800 万英亩的土地被烧毁,而在 2002 年前六个月,大约有 250 万英亩的土地被野火烧毁。 其中许多火灾可能是由于整个西部地区异常干燥造成的。 未来气候变化模型预测火灾活动将会加剧,而这些情况的最佳模拟可能是过去气候比现在更温暖、更干燥的时期。 通过了解过去气候、植被和火灾之间的联系,可以将最近的火灾事件置于十年到千年时间尺度上发生的自然变化的背景下。 有关自然变化范围的信息将有助于美国的土地利用管理者制定考虑森林对气候变化和干扰制度敏感性的战略。 现代花粉和气候类似物的使用将提高我们从化石花粉记录重建过去气候条件的能力。 花粉数据是用于重建过去气候的主要陆地数据库,因此这种改进对古气候学和地理学做出了重要贡献。 最后,这项研究将为考古学做出贡献,为大盆地的文化变迁提供环境背景。 例如,干旱时期似乎与该地区生存模式的变化有关。 这项研究将有助于澄清这些关系。 作为博士论文研究改进奖,该奖项还将为有前途的学生建立强大的独立研究生涯提供支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Cathy Whitlock其他文献
Holocene black carbon in New Zealand lake sediment records
新西兰湖泊沉积物记录中的全新世黑碳
- DOI:
10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108491 - 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:4
- 作者:
S. Brugger;D. McWethy;N. Chellman;Matiu Prebble;Colin J. Courtney Mustaphi;S. Eckhardt;A. Plach;A. Stohl;J. Wilmshurst;Joseph R. McConnell;Cathy Whitlock - 通讯作者:
Cathy Whitlock
Cathy Whitlock的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Cathy Whitlock', 18)}}的其他基金
Understanding past linkages between hydrothermal activity, climate change, and ecosystem dynamics
了解热液活动、气候变化和生态系统动态之间过去的联系
- 批准号:
2149482 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Understanding Fire-Human Dynamics Along a Forest-Steppe Ecotone
了解森林草原生态交错带沿线的火与人类动态
- 批准号:
1461590 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
PIRE: Wildfire feedbacks and consequences of altered fire regimes in the face of climate and land-use change in Tasmania, New Zealand, and the western U.S.
PIRE:塔斯马尼亚、新西兰和美国西部面临气候和土地利用变化时野火的反馈和火灾制度改变的后果
- 批准号:
0966472 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Controls of ecosystem development during rapid environmental change: Yellowstone in the late-glacial and early-Holocene periods
合作研究:环境快速变化期间生态系统发展的控制:晚冰期和早全新世时期的黄石公园
- 批准号:
0818467 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Maori Transformation of the New Zealand Landscape Through the Use of Fire: A Case Study from South-Central South Island
毛利人通过用火改变新西兰景观:南岛中南部的案例研究
- 批准号:
0645821 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Holocene Fire-Climate Linkages In Southern South America: Explaining Regional Responses To Large-scale Climate Forcing
合作研究:南美洲南部全新世火灾与气候的联系:解释对大规模气候强迫的区域反应
- 批准号:
0714061 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Early-Versus Late- Holocene Drought Variations in the Northern Rocky Mountains
合作研究:落基山脉北部早全新世与晚全新世的干旱变化
- 批准号:
9906100 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Climate-Fire-Ecosystem Linkages On Decadal-to-Centennial Time Scales in the Northern Rockies
合作研究:北落基山脉十年至百年时间尺度上的气候-火灾-生态系统联系
- 批准号:
9615961 - 财政年份:1997
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Heinrich-Scale Events in Western North America and the Northeastern Pacific? Testing Possible Mechanisms
北美西部和东北太平洋发生海因里希规模的事件?
- 批准号:
9615822 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Response of the Pacific Northwest to Large-scale Changes in Climate during the Last 150,000 Years
过去 15 万年西北太平洋地区对大规模气候变化的反应
- 批准号:
9307201 - 财政年份:1994
- 资助金额:
$ 0.55万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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