Hydrodynamic Simulations of Relativistic Flows: From Pulsars to Parsec-Scale Jets

相对论流的流体动力学模拟：从脉冲星到秒差距级射流

• 批准号: 0205105
• 负责人: Philip Hughes
• 金额: $ 26.44万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0205105&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hydrodynamic; Simulations; Relativistic; Flows; Pulsars

AST 0205105HughesJets of gas, flowing at close to the speed of light, are a common feature of our Universe and are found wherever compact objects such as black holes capture material. In this project, computer simulations of these jets will be used to advance our understanding of such energetic flows. In particular these simulations will be designed to help us understand how such jets can penetrate their environment without disruption and also shed light on the nature of the `engines' which produce them. The technique used in this study incorporates Special Relativity and uses state-of-the-art methods originally designed for fields such as aerospace engineering. It enables large computations to be performed with modest computer resources, thus allowing an exploration of many facets of the problem. Among these are: how shock waves form in the gas flow, and how the flow responds to impacting dense surrounding material, or being spun around in space due to changes in the direction of the engine's nozzle. An important aspect of the study is that it provides a probe of the poorly understood jets of stellar binary systems, and should reveal the extent to which these really are mini-quasars -- scaled down versions of active galaxies. The same technique is applied to the nebulae that result from pulsar winds, where moving through the ambient medium causes the nebula to be swept back into a tail of gas, similar to the galactic and stellar jets. Understanding these `wind nebulae' will provide insight into the flow from the pulsar itself, which is not directly observable.***

AST 0205105HUGHESJETS的气体以接近光速流动的气体是我们宇宙的一个共同特征，可以在诸如黑洞捕获材料之类的紧凑物体（例如紧凑的物体）中找到。在这个项目中，将使用这些喷气机的计算机模拟来促进我们对这种充满活力流的理解。特别是这些模拟将旨在帮助我们了解这种喷气机如何穿透环境而不会破坏环境，并阐明产生它们的“发动机”的性质。本研究中使用的技术结合了特殊的相对论，并使用最初为航空工程等领域设计的最先进方法。它使大型计算能够使用适中的计算机资源执行，从而可以探索问题的许多方面。其中包括：气流中的冲击波如何形成，以及流动如何响应周围材料的影响，或由于发动机喷嘴方向的变化而在太空中旋转。该研究的一个重要方面是，它提供了对恒星二进制系统的喷射较低的探测，并应揭示这些真正是迷你Quasars的程度 - 缩小了活性星系的版本。通过脉冲星风能导致的星云，在环境培养基中移动，使星云被扫回了气尾，类似于银河系和恒星喷气机。了解这些“风星云”将提供对脉冲星本身流的洞察力，这是无法直接观察的。***