Incumbent Resurgence: Lessons from the U.S. Machine Tool Industry, 1975-2000

现有企业的复兴：1975-2000 年美国机床行业的经验教训

• 批准号: 0115393
• 负责人: Susan Cohen
• 金额: $ 5.98万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2003-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0115393&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Incumbent; Resurgence; Lessons; U.S.; Machine

This proposal seeks to examine the adaptation of firms in the U.S. machine tool industry to changes in their environment, to understand the factors affecting firms' capability to transition to computer-numerically controlled designs and modular production techniques, as well as more extended relationships with customers required by this equipment. Many U.S. manufacturers lacked the skills to respond, and as a result employment in the industry and its importance to the domestic economy was substantially reduced. Nevertheless, other firms not only survived but thrived in the changed environment. This study will trace the responses of U.S. machine tool incumbents to the technological and market challenges facing the industry between 1975 and 2000 to discern the differences between failing and surviving firms.Prior studies have focused on factors that lead to behavioral inertia, offering little insight for how firms act when not demonstrating inertia, or how performance is affected by these behaviors. The researchers suggest that incumbents may exhibit three types of responses to change: (1) They may continue with their existing strategy; (2) they may imitate new entrants' products; or (3) they may innovate away from both their existing products and those offered by rivals. The strategy a firm enacts, and its effect on the firm's survival and performance is expected to depend upon the adaptability of the firm's competencies at the time of competitive challenge. Thus this study goes beyond extant literature by empirically investigating the proposed tradeoff between survival and performance, by focusing on survivors of radical technological change, and by exploring the relative influence of accumulated competencies and firm choice in affecting these outcomes.

该提案旨在研究美国机床行业中公司对环境变化的适应，以了解影响公司过渡到计算机数字控制设计和模块化生产技术的能力的因素，以及与本设备所需的客户的更广泛的关系。许多美国制造商缺乏响应技能，因此该行业的就业及其对国内经济的重要性大大降低了。然而，其他公司不仅幸存下来，而且在改变的环境中蓬勃发展。这项研究将追踪美国机床现任对技术和市场挑战的反应，以辨别1975年至2000年之间该行业面临的挑战，以辨别失败和幸存的公司之间的差异。研究人员认为，任职者可能会表现出三种变化的反应：（1）他们可能会继续采取现有策略； （2）他们可能模仿新的参赛者产品；或（3）他们可能会远离现有产品和竞争对手提供的产品。公司制定的战略及其对公司生存和绩效的影响预计将取决于竞争挑战时公司能力的适应性。因此，这项研究超越了现有文献，通过经验研究生存与绩效之间提出的权衡，专注于激进技术变革的幸存者，并通过探索累积能力的相对影响和在影响这些结果时的相对影响。