Doctoral Dissertation Research: Rainfall Characteristics and the Influence of Urban Land Use on Shallow Landslide Initiation in Seattle, Washington

博士论文研究：华盛顿州西雅图市降雨特征及城市土地利用对浅层滑坡发生的影响

• 批准号: 0101269
• 负责人: T. Nelson Caine
• 金额: $ 0.53万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-03-15 至 2003-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0101269&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Rainfall; Characteristics

Shallow landslides often occur on natural hillslopes during rainstorms of high intensity or long duration. While researchers have examined the profound effects that that an urban environment can have on surface hydrology and drainage morphology, relatively little attention has been given to the effects of urbanization on landslide hazards. This doctoral dissertation research project will address the influence of impervious surfaces on shallow landslide occurrence in Seattle, an urban area with a precipitation climatology characterized by winter rainstorms of long duration and low intensity. The project will use a geographic information system (GIS) framework to combine rainfall data from a dense gauge network, high-resolution digital topography, a historical record of landslide occurrence, and a remotely sensed map of impervious surfaces. Analyses of these data will facilitate evaluation of the watershed-scale effects of surface drainage alteration on landslide susceptibility. Research methods will include compilation of historical shallow landslide occurrence and associated precipitation climatology. Empirical relations between rainfall intensity/duration will be defined. Field investigations of large or recent landslides will provide information on the geologic setting, style of landslide failure and deposition, and influence of drainage modifications. To evaluate the effect of impervious surfaces on landslide occurrence, a coupled rainfall-infiltration/slope-stability model will be used to describe the spatial distribution of pore-water pressures at depth during rainstorms in which landslide are known to have occurred.This project will examine the influence of impervious surfaces on landslide hazard in an urban setting where slope failure occurs during rainstorms of low intensity and long duration by applying a coupled, physically based model in a GIS framework. The study will illuminate the processes through which the urban environment has a significant impact on hillslope processes at the watershed scale. In a broader context, the project will add to the understanding of human impact on geomorphic systems. Results from this study should provide predictive and design tools for emergency management and planning. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

高强度或持续时间长的雨雨中，经常在天然山坡上发生浅滑坡。 尽管研究人员研究了城市环境可以对表面水文学和排水形态产生的深远影响，但对城市化对滑坡危害的影响的关注很少。 该博士学位论文研究项目将解决不透水表面对西雅图浅水滑坡发生的影响，西雅图是一个城市地区，其降水气候，其特征是冬季暴雨持续时间长，强度较低。 该项目将使用地理信息系统（GIS）框架来结合来自密集量规网络，高分辨率数字地形，降落量的历史记录的降雨数据，以及遥不可及的不透水表面地图。 对这些数据的分析将有助于评估表面引流改变对滑坡敏感性的流域规模影响。 研究方法将包括历史浅水滑坡的汇编以及相关的降水气候。 将定义降雨强度/持续时间之间的经验关系。 对大型或近期滑坡的现场调查将提供有关地质环境，滑坡失败和沉积方式以及排水修饰的影响的信息。 为了评估不屈服的表面对横向滑坡的影响，将使用一个耦合的降雨渗入/坡度稳定模型来描述在雨水冲刺期间深度的空间分布，在雨水冲刺中，这些项目已被称为降雨的发生。通过在GIS框架中应用耦合的，基于物理的模型来长时间。 这项研究将阐明城市环境对流域规模上的山坡流程产生重大影响的过程。 在更广泛的背景下，该项目将增加对人类对地貌系统的影响的理解。 这项研究的结果应为应急管理和计划提供预测和设计工具。 作为博士学位论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生能够建立强大的独立研究职业。