Dynamics of An Emerging Pathogen in an Introduced Host

引入宿主中新出现的病原体的动态

• 批准号: 0094456
• 负责人: Andre Dhondt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-15 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0094456&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; Emerging; Pathogen; Introduced; Host

In recent decades many new diseases have emerged. In some cases existing disease organisms jumped to novel hosts with sometimes devastating effects. In 1994 a new strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), a bacterium common in poultry, appeared and spread very rapidly through the house finches of eastern North America. This caused house finches to decline within 2-3 years by 100-200 million birds, stabilizing at 40% of pre-disease levels. The researchers will continue to monitor MG prevalence and house finch abundance across the entire continent, involving large numbers of volunteers; carry out intensive fieldwork to gather information about the ecology and behavior of both infected and non-infected house finches; and perform controlled aviary experiments to measure the rate of transmission of MG among house finches. Emphasis will be placed on identifying human-related factors that modify the spread and maintenance of the disease. This information will be used to develop and validate general predictive models that can be applied to similar systems. Understanding which factors are responsible for the emergence of new diseases, which factors favor for their spread, and how they affect their hosts is essential to the control of new diseases.

近几十年来，出现了许多新的疾病。在某些情况下，现有的病原微生物会转移到新的宿主身上，有时会造成毁灭性的影响。 1994 年，一种在家禽中常见的细菌鸡毒支原体 (MG) 的新菌株出现，并在北美东部的家雀中迅速传播。这导致家雀数量在 2-3 年内减少了 100-2 亿只，稳定在病前水平的 40%。研究人员将继续监测整个大陆的 MG 患病率和家雀丰度，其中涉及大量志愿者；进行密集的实地调查，收集有关受感染和未受感染家雀的生态和行为的信息；并进行受控鸟舍实验来测量 MG 在家雀中的传播率。重点将放在确定改变疾病传播和维持的人类相关因素上。 该信息将用于开发和验证可应用于类似系统的通用预测模型。了解哪些因素导致新疾病的出现、哪些因素有利于其传播以及它们如何影响宿主对于控制新疾病至关重要。