IRCEB: Measuring and Modeling the Effects of Fire on the Structure and Function of Boreal Forests in North America

IRCEB：测量和模拟火灾对北美北方森林结构和功能的影响

• 批准号: 0077881
• 负责人: Stith Gower
• 金额: $ 290.59万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0077881&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IRCEB; Measuring; Modeling; Effects; Fire

0077881GowerQuantifying the effects of disturbance and subsequent successional processes on the exchange of energy, water and nutrients between the land surface and atmosphere is central to many disciplines in ecology. The importance of such studies will only increase as the human population increases and disturbances increase in frequency. Boreal forests are the second largest forest biome in the world and contain approximately the same amount of carbon in the sols and vegetation as carbon in the atmosphere. About 5 million hectares of boreal forest burn each year, however, and in recent years this value exceeded 1.5 million hectares. A mechanistic understanding of the effects of fire on the structure and function of boreal forests does not exist, prohibiting even a precursory use of ecosystem process models to quantify the effects of fire on the carbon budget of boreal forests. This project has three major objectives. The first is to quantify the effects of wildfires on the microclimate, structure and function of successional boreal black spruce forests in northern Manitoba, Canada, and compare these results to other boreal forest age-sequence studies. This study will use integrated ecophysiological, biogeochemical, isotopic, and micrometeorological field measurements to improve understanding of how individual processes change during succession, and the eddy flux approach to quantify how whole-system energy, water and CO2 exchange between a black spruce ecosystem and the atmosphere change during succession following fire. The suite of measurements will be replicated in seven different-aged black spruce stands comprising an are sequence distributed across Manitoba. The second objective is to quantify active and past aerial extent of wildfires for North American boreal forests using current and future satellite-borne sensors, and determine if hypothesized earlier growing season green-up by vegetation caused by warmer soil temperature in recently disturbed forest can be detected. The third objective will use two terrestrial ecosystem models (IBIS and TEM) and spatially explicit fire extent values obtained from satellite-borne sensors to examine the possible effects of fire on exchange of CO2 between the North American boreal forest and the atmosphere. Model simulations will be compared to field data at a range of temporal and spatial scales. The proposed study qualifies as an IRCEB project because (1) it uses past and ongoing field measurements made during previous studies to address a critical and unanswered ecological question, (2) it uses complementary measurements form many disciplines (ecophysiology, ecosystem ecology, meteorology, soils, geosciences, landscape ecology, atmospheric science, and global ecology) to address a fundamental question in ecology that is relevant to global carbon cycles, (3) it employs a suite of measurements that will enable the simultaneous determination of the effects of disturbance on individual carbon cycling processes and whole ecosystem net exchange which will provide standardized, independent estimates of NEE, (4) it establishes critical linkages with other scientists measuring the effects of fire on select components of the carbon budgets in boreal forests of contrasting climate, dominant vegetation and the importance of permafrost, (5) it establishes collaboration with scientists creating historic fire record and monitoring current fire status, (6) it contributes to the development and implementation of fire mitigation strategies for land managers, and (7) it will facilitate the training of undergraduate and graduate students in boreal ecology, and provide very badly needed basic forest ecology and management training to the Nelson House First Nation Cree Indians.

0077881gowerquantsive扰动的影响以及随后的继承过程对地表和大气之间的能量，水和养分交换的影响是生态学许多学科的核心。此类研究的重要性只会随着人口的增加而增加，而干扰的频率增加。北方森林是世界第二大森林生物群落，在溶胶和植被中与大气中的碳中含有大致相同的碳。但是，每年约有500万公顷的北方森林燃烧，近年来，该价值超过150万公顷。对火灾对北方森林的结构和功能的影响的机械理解不存在，即使是对生态系统过程模型的前体使用，以量化火灾对北方森林碳预算的影响。该项目有三个主要目标。首先是量化野火对加拿大曼尼托巴省北部曼尼托巴省的继任北方黑云杉森林的微气候，结构和功能的影响，并将这些结果与其他北方森林时代序列研究进行比较。这项研究将使用综合的生态生物学，生物地球化学，同位素和微量学位学现场测量，以提高人们对连续过程中单个过程的变化的理解，以及量化整个系统能量，水和二氧化碳和二氧化碳交换的方法，在黑色云杉生态系统和大气之间的变化之间如何变化。测量套件将在包括序列分布在曼尼托巴省的七个不同老年的黑色云杉架上复制。第二个目标是使用当前和未来的卫星传感器来量化北美北方森林的野火的活动和过去的空中范围，并确定是否可以检测到最近受干扰森林中较温暖的土壤温度引起的假设的早期生长季节绿化。第三个目标将使用两个陆地生态系统模型（IBIS和TEM）以及从卫星传感器获得的空间显式火力值，以检查火灾对北美北美森林与大气之间CO2交换的可能影响。模型模拟将与一系列时间和空间尺度范围的现场数据进行比较。 The proposed study qualifies as an IRCEB project because (1) it uses past and ongoing field measurements made during previous studies to address a critical and unanswered ecological question, (2) it uses complementary measurements form many disciplines (ecophysiology, ecosystem ecology, meteorology, soils, geosciences, landscape ecology, atmospheric science, and global ecology) to address a fundamental question in ecology that is relevant to global碳循环，（3）它采用了一套测量值，可以同时确定干扰对单个碳循环过程和整个生态系统净交换的影响，将提供标准化的，独立的估计，（4）它与其他科学家建立关键的联系，从而与其他科学家建立对碳纤维的影响的碳纤维森林的影响，以供碳质量造成碳质量的影响。 （5）它与科学家建立合作，创造历史悠久的火灾记录并监视当前的火灾状况，（6）它有助于为土地管理者的开发和实施缓解火灾策略，并且（7）它将促进鲍尔市本科生和研究生的培训，并为贫民窟的生态研究生提供了迫切需要的基本森林生态学和管理培训，并为Nelelson House提供了基本的基础培训。