Collaborative Project: The Effects of Economic Development on Population Growth

合作项目：经济发展对人口增长的影响

• 批准号: 9911503
• 负责人: Andrew Foster
• 金额: $ 16.52万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9911503&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Project; Effects; Economic; Development

In this proposed multi-level and longitudinal household data from a large national probability sample of over 4500 rural households in India covering the period 1968-1982 and new data covering the period through 1999, merged with supplementary area-specific data from governmental sources and from satellites, will be used to reexamine comprehensively the effects of economic growth on the distribution of incomes across households and individuals, on economic mobility and on the formation and dissolution of households. A unique and critical feature of the merged data is that they document a period of time in India which conforms closely to a natural experiment in which the source of economic development - the "green revolution" - was exogenous to the population, was measurable, and, due to natural conditions, was geographically selective. It is thus possible to document how economic development, propelled by agricultural productivity growth, differentially affected human capital returns and investments and other household behavior.The underlying theme of this work is that the evaluation of economic change on individual welfare must importantly account for how individuals are grouped into households and how household interact through transfers, markets, and local political institutions. The particular aims of the project include (a) the achievement of a better understanding of household behavior and intra-household distribution, (b) an assessment of the contributions of interhousehold transfers to income security and investment in a dynamic context, (c) estimation of the determinants of household break-up and formation, with particular focus on the impact of technical change, (d) an evaluation of the role of dowry in affecting investments in gender-specific human capital and the distribution of resources across households, and (e) the evaluation of the role of local governments in allocating land resources and other public goods with attention to both distributive and efficiency criteria and with particular attention to forest resources situated on common lands.These new inquiries will be based on the availability of a new survey round of the panel data used in the prior project work. The new data not only expand the time frame for analysis another 17 years, for a total span of temporal coverage of more than 30 years, but provide new information particularly suited to analyses of households in a dynamic context. In particular, the new data provide information more consistent with new frameworks describing family and household relations and will include split-off households in the panel for the first time as well as retrospective information on the marriages of all family members and household division histories. These novel and unique household data will in particular permit a detailed exploration of family and household relations and how these and the outcomes of family decisions are affected over the long as well as the short-run by economic change. The new data will also provide retrospective data on the governance structures of the villages, enabling the construction of a village-level data set of approximately 250 villages over 30 years with which to explore whether and how village governance affects the distribution of resources across households, common land use and the exploitation of forest resources. The availability of these unique data spanning a long time-period yet providing detail at the individual, household level and family level will thus provide an improved empirical basis for assessing theories of the distributional effects of growth and development as well as of household behavior.

本文提出的多层次纵向家庭数据来自 1968 年至 1982 年期间印度 4500 多个农村家庭的大型国家概率样本以及涵盖 1999 年期间的新数据，并与来自政府来源和来自卫星将用于全面重新审查经济增长对家庭和个人收入分配、经济流动性以及家庭形成和解散的影响。合并数据的一个独特而关键的特征是，它们记录了印度的一段时期，该时期与自然实验密切一致，其中经济发展的源泉——“绿色革命”——对人口来说是外生的、可测量的，并且由于自然条件的限制，具有地理选择性。因此，可以记录农业生产力增长推动的经济发展如何对人力资本回报和投资以及其他家庭行为产生不同的影响。这项工作的基本主题是，对个人福利的经济变化的评估必须重要地考虑个人如何分为家庭以及家庭如何通过转移、市场和当地政治机构进行互动。该项目的具体目标包括：(a) 更好地了解家庭行为和家庭内部分配，(b) 评估动态背景下家庭间转移对收入保障和投资的贡献，(c) 估计家庭破裂和形成的决定因素，特别关注技术变革的影响，(d) 评估嫁妆在影响针对性别的人力资本投资和家庭间资源分配方面的作用，以及( e) 本地角色的评估各国政府在分配土地资源和其他公共产品时，应同时关注分配标准和效率标准，并特别关注位于公共土地上的森林资源。这些新的调查将基于新一轮调查中使用的面板数据的可用性。之前的项目工作。新数据不仅将分析时间范围又延长了 17 年，总时间覆盖跨度超过 30 年，而且提供了特别适合动态背景下家庭分析的新信息。特别是，新数据提供的信息与描述家庭和住户关系的新框架更加一致，并将首次将分居家庭纳入面板，以及所有家庭成员的婚姻和分户历史的回顾性信息。这些新颖而独特的家庭数据将特别允许详细探索家庭和家庭关系，以及这些和家庭决策的结果如何受到经济变化的长期和短期影响。新数据还将提供村庄治理结构的回顾性数据，构建约250个村庄30年的村级数据集，探索村庄治理是否以及如何影响家庭间的资源分配，共同土地利用和森林资源开发。这些独特的数据跨越很长一段时间，但提供了个人、家庭层面和家庭层面的细节，因此将为评估增长和发展以及家庭行为的分配效应理论提供更好的经验基础。