Triarchic Model of Opinion Social Comparison

意见社会比较的三元模型

• 批准号: 9910592
• 负责人: Jerry Suls
• 金额: $ 31.14万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9910592&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Triarchic; Model; Opinion; Social; Comparison; Triarchic; Model; Opinion; Social; Comparison

The power of opinions to inspire individual and collective action is well-documented. Just as dramatic is the speed with which opinions can change. These properties of opinions can be attributed to the fact that opinions are formed partly as a function of the social context, particularly by comparisons with other people or groups. The social psychological processes that underlie opinion formation and change, however, are still not well-understood. This project includes seven experiments to test a new approach for understanding how comparisons with other people contribute to the formation of opinions. The new theory proposes that there are three main types of opinion comparison. One type concerns how people validate their personal preferences. Other persons who are similar in general background seem to furnish the most relevant information in these cases. A second type concerns the evaluation of beliefs which is best addressed through comparison of opinions with persons who have more expertise. However, expertise is not sufficient -- these "experts" also need to be perceived to share certain underlying values connected to the belief topic. This aspect of the theory has the potential to elucidate our knowledge about our interactions with outgroups. The opinions of expert outgroup members (e.g., someone from a different ethnic or socioeconomic group) might be rejected despite their greater knowledge. The third major type of opinion comparison involves prediction about future situations or choices. In this type, comparisons with other people who have already experienced the situation provide the most useful information, but only if they also have a similar background or expressed consistent reactions in past circumstances. The seven laboratory experiments will test the three-process theory predictions concerning selection and impact of comparison using a variety of opinion issues. Because opinion comparison plays a substantial role in decision-making, group behavior, and persuasion, the proposed theory and research should advance basic knowledge about social problems where these processes are involved.

观点激发个人和集体行动的意见力量有充分的文献记录。就像意见改变的速度一样。这些意见的特性可以归因于以下事实：观点部分是社会环境的函数，尤其是通过与其他人或群体进行比较。然而，基于意见形成和变革的基础的社会心理过程仍然没有得到充分理解。该项目包括七个实验，以测试一种新方法，以了解与其他人的比较如何促进观点的形成。新理论提出，观点比较有三种主要类型。一种类型涉及人们如何验证个人喜好。在这些情况下，其他相似背景的其他人似乎提供了最相关的信息。第二种类型涉及对信念的评估，这是通过与具有更多专业知识的人的观点进行比较来解决的。但是，专业知识还不够 - 这些“专家”也需要被认为以共享与信仰主题相关的某些基本价值。该理论的这一方面有潜力阐明我们对我们与外部相互作用的知识。尽管知识更高，但专家Out Group成员（例如，来自不同种族或社会经济群体的人）的意见可能会被拒绝。第三种主要意见比较涉及对未来情况或选择的预测。在这种类型中，与已经经历过这种情况的其他人进行比较提供了最有用的信息，但前提是他们在过去情况下也具有相似的背景或表达一致的反应。七个实验室实验将测试有关使用各种意见问题的选择和影响影响的三进程理论预测。由于观点比较在决策，群体行为和说服力中起着重要的作用，因此提出的理论和研究应提高有关涉及这些过程的社会问题的基本知识。