Dissertation Research: Zooarchaeology and Taphonomy of Late Archaic Hunter-Gatherers in New York

论文研究：纽约晚期古代狩猎采集者的动物考古学和埋藏学

• 批准号: 9522828
• 负责人: Robert Blumenschine
• 金额: $ 0.46万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 1997-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9522828&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Zooarchaeology; Taphonomy; Late

Under the direction of Dr. Robert Blumenschine, Mr. T. Cregg Madrigal will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct laboratory analysis of faunal remains from two Late Archaic sites which are located in New York State and date to approximately four thousand years ago. One site, Lamoka Lake, located in Schuyler County was the subject of extensive excavation in the 1920s and again in the 1980s. It has yielded thousands of animal bones as well as other cultural materials. Excavation at the second site, Cole Quarry, in Livingston County, uncovered over 9000 bones. Mr. Madrigal will conduct an extensive analysis of both collections. He will identify bones to taxon and element to determine the diversity, richness, relative abundance and skeletal-part representation of species present. He will also examine cut marks on bones to determine how they were butchered and the degree of alteration due to post depositional disturbance. Mortality profiles of deer with be constructed to determine hunting techniques and season of death. Analysis of other species, such as migratory birds, will also provide information on the season of site occupation. Mr. Madrigal, together with many anthropologists, is interested in the process which leads to the development of complex societies. The question is why and how do nomadic hunting and gathering peoples gradually settle down, aggregate into large groups, and develop hierarchical social systems. It is this process which leads to societies we observe in the world today. The Late Archaic marks a very early stage in this story and through analysis of faunal remains Mr. Madrigal hopes to gain insight into how this process starts. He should be able to determine the degree of sedentarization and the extent to which social differentiation occurred. This research will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will shed new light on how social complexity develops and assist in the training of a promising young scientist.

在 Robert Blumenschine 博士的指导下，T. Cregg Madrigal 先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将对位于纽约州的两个晚古遗址的动物遗骸进行实验室分析，这些遗址的历史可以追溯到大约四千年前。位于斯凯勒县的拉莫卡湖 (Lamoka Lake) 是 20 世纪 20 年代和 1980 年代大规模发掘的对象。它出土了数以千计的动物骨头以及其他文化材料。第二个地点是利文斯顿县的科尔采石场，挖掘工作中发现了 9000 多块骨头。 Madrigal 先生将对这两个藏品进行广泛的分析。他将识别骨骼的分类单元和元素，以确定现有物种的多样性、丰富度、相对丰度和骨骼部分的代表性。他还将检查骨头上的切割痕迹，以确定它们是如何被屠宰的以及由于沉积后干扰而造成的改变程度。建立鹿的死亡率概况以确定狩猎技术和死亡季节。对候鸟等其他物种的分析也将提供有关栖息地季节的信息。 马德里加尔先生与许多人类学家一样，对导致复杂社会发展的过程感兴趣。问题是游牧狩猎采集民族为何以及如何逐渐定居、聚集成大群体、发展等级社会制度。正是这个过程导致了我们当今世界所观察到的社会。晚期古风标志着这个故事的一个非常早期的阶段，通过对动物遗骸的分析，马德里加尔先生希望深入了解这个过程是如何开始的。他应该能够确定久坐的程度以及社会分化发生的程度。 这项研究将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将为社会复杂性如何发展提供新的线索，并有助于培养有前途的年轻科学家。