The Political Theory of Science

科学政治理论

• 批准号: 9515279
• 负责人: Stephen Turner
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-15 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9515279&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Political; Theory; Science; Political; Theory; Science

This project examines a series of political ideas that bear on science: the political meaning of the neutrality claim in science; the nature of decision-making and discretion with respect to science; the problem of meaningful discussion, especially in relation to democratic procedures; the nature of scientists' actions as representatives of science to other scientists and to external audiences; and the problem of agency, which is in part the problem of assuring the funders of science that what they are funding is valuable. Agency relationships involve persons acting as agents for others, where the special knowledge and conduct of the agent cannot be readily judged by the buyer of the services. The research will identify and compare historical alternatives with respect to the delegation of decision-making power, and the general constraints on the political organization of science and its relation to users, particularly the state. Sources of authority and constraint, under the headings of neutrality, agency, and representation, will be examined The overall goal is to identify the political means by which science constructs a domain within which these claims are recognized as legitimate. This award supports the aspect of that research focused on the problem of agency in relationship to neutrality and representation, that is to say the contract between science and society, including the problem of the justification of a state role in science and the implications of this relationship for the internal organization of science and the self discipline of science. The project is directed at the production of a major book that will update the political theory of science in the light of later criticisms of science and the literature of science and technology studies, recent work in the history of science, and current changes in the political atmosphere for science.

该项目研究了一系列关于科学的政治思想：科学中立主张的政治意义；关于科学的决策和酌处权的性质； 有意义的讨论问题，特别是与民主程序有关；科学家作为科学代表的本质对其他科学家和外部受众；以及代理问题，部分是确保科学资助者的资金有价值的问题。 代理关系涉及担任他人代理商的人，在这种情况下，代理人的特殊知识和行为不能由服务的买方轻易判断。 该研究将确定和比较有关决策权的授权的历史替代方法，以及对科学政治组织及其与用户（尤其是国家）的关系的一般限制。 在中立，代理和代表的标题下，权威和约束的来源将被检查。总体目标是确定科学建立一个领域的政治手段，在该领域中，这些主张被认为是合法的。 该奖项支持该研究的方面集中在与中立性和代表性关系中的代理问题上，也就是说，科学与社会之间的合同，包括国家在科学中的正当性问题以及这种关系对科学内部组织和科学自我纪律的含义。 该项目是针对一本主要书籍的生产，该书将根据后来对科学的批评和科学技术研究的文学，科学史上的最新作品以及科学政治氛围的当前变化来更新科学的政治理论。