Values and Ecological Risk Assessment: Two Policy Paradigms

价值观和生态风险评估：两种政策范式

基本信息

批准号：
9512133
负责人：
Kristin Shrader-Frechette
金额：
$ 9万
依托单位：
University of South Florida
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1996-02-01 至 1999-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9512133&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Values Ecological Risk Assessment Two

项目摘要

This research project is undertaken by an experienced team: a philosopher who specializes in environmental risk assessment and the ethics of scientific research and a biologist who specializes in habitat evaluation and ecological restoration. The project has four objectives: to examine and clarify the ethical dimensions of two dominant paradigms of ecological risk assessment; to discover major ethical assumptions built into the paradigms, so as to clarify the normative dimensions of these procedures; to assess the ethical consequences, for ecological research and environmental management, of alternative stances on questions about the normative foundations of these paradigms; and to evaluate the ethical adequacy of important applications of these assessments. The research plan involves careful reading and analysis of ecological risk assessments that incorporate the animal-toxicity and the ecological health approaches to identify and clarify their value assumptions and ethical implications. The investigators will consider such questions as whether ecological risk assessment should include ethical goals or advocacy, economic measures of welfare, public preferences, or standards of ethical rationality. Related questions include, whether the burden of proof should lie on ecologists or risk imposers and which assessment paradigm is likely to lead to greater good. Through presentations and publications, the project teams expects to participate in on-going debates about the ethical aspects of ecological research and its environmental applications and about the contributions that ecologists can make to ethical debates about environmental issues. The project will result in articles and presentations, and a book length monograph.

该研究项目是由经验丰富的团队进行的：专门从事环境风险评估和科学研究伦理的哲学家以及专门研究栖息地评估和生态恢复的生物学家。该项目有四个目标：检查和阐明生态风险评估的两个主要范式的道德维度；要发现范式内置的主要道德假设，以阐明这些程序的规范维度；评估有关这些范式规范基础的问题的替代立场，以评估道德后果，生态研究和环境管理；并评估这些评估重要应用的道德充分性。该研究计划涉及仔细阅读和分析生态风险评估，这些评估纳入了动物的毒性以及生态健康方法，以识别和阐明其价值假设和道德意义。研究人员将考虑诸如生态风险评估是否应包括道德目标或倡导，福利经济措施，公众偏好或道德理性标准的问题。相关问题包括举证责任是否应在于生态学家还是风险冒险者，哪些评估范式可能会导致更大的利益。通过演讲和出版物，项目团队希望参与有关生态研究及其环境应用的道德方面以及生态学家可以在有关环境问题的道德辩论中所做的贡献的持续辩论。该项目将导致文章和演示文稿，以及书籍长度专着。