Collaborative Research: Beyond the Water's Edge: Individual Preferences, Domestic Institutions, System Structure and Foreign Policy

合作研究：超越水边：个人偏好、国内制度、制度结构和外交政策

• 批准号: 9507909
• 负责人: Glenn Palmer
• 金额: $ 7.06万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 1997-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9507909&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Beyond; Water; Edge

9507909 Palmer A great deal of recent research in international relations has focused on the relationship between democracy and foreign policy. One strain on this literature, originating from works dealing with issues of war and peace, has addressed the question of whether democracies are less war prone than non-democracies. A second and older strain, some of it originating from the study of comparative foreign policy has expanded our horizons into other areas, including alliance behavior, defense expenditures and policy, and reliance on international organizations. These two approaches have produced a number of empirical regularities indicating that democracies do behave somewhat differently than do non-democracies with the best know being that although democracies tend to fight, and even initiate, wars as often as other states do, they rarely, if ever, fight one another. Explanations for these observations have centered around two main approaches--the norms approach, holding that democratic leaders' behaviors are guided by the norms regarding conflict behavior that they are socialized to accept, and the structural approach, holding that democratic institutions make it easier for a leader's opponents to block policies (such as war) they disapprove. Attempts to construct critical tests for determining the better approach have proven inconclusive, largely because there is so much overlap between the two arguments and because democratic norms and democratic institutions often coexist. The above suggests that a reevaluation of the research is in order and a new theory is needed. This investigation articulates and tests a general theory of foreign policy. The theory specifies how individual preferences, domestic political structures, and the international environment interact to produce foreign policies. The theory also integrates the work on conflict behavior with other types of foreign policy such as alliance formation, defense spending, and events inte raction. The theory is formalized and is used to deduce hypotheses systematically. The methods appropriately employed use a variety of extant data sets to test relevant hypotheses. This research investigation should substantially enhance our understanding of the topic. ***

9507909帕尔默（Palmer）最近在国际关系方面进行了大量研究，重点是民主与外交政策之间的关系。 源自处理战争与和平问题的作品的一种文献的压力，它解决了一个问题，即民主国家是否比非民主政权更容易遭受战争。 第二个和以上的压力，其中一些源自比较外交政策的研究，将我们的视野扩展到其他领域，包括联盟行为，国防支出和政策，以及对国际组织的依赖。 这两种方法产生了许多经验规律，表明民主国家的行为确实有所不同，与最好的人知道，尽管民主国家倾向于战斗，甚至像其他国家一样频繁地打架，但它们很少，即使他们很少，如果曾经，互相战斗。 这些观察结果的解释围绕了两种主要方法 - 规范方法，认为民主领导人的行为受到有关他们被社交的冲突行为的规范的指导，以及结构性的方法，并认为民主制度使民主制度使其更加容易成为更容易的事领导人的反对者阻止了他们不赞成的政策（例如战争）。 构建批判性测试以确定更好的方法的尝试已被证明是尚无定论的，这主要是因为这两个论点之间存在太多的重叠，而民主规范和民主制度经常共存。 以上表明对研究的重新评估是按顺序进行的，需要一个新的理论。 这项调查表达并检验了外交政策的一般理论。 该理论指定了个人偏好，国内政治结构和国际环境如何互动以制定外交政策。 该理论还将冲突行为的工作与其他类型的外交政策（例如联盟形成，国防支出和事件措施）相结合。 该理论是形式化的，用于系统地推断出假设。 适当采用的方法使用各种现有的数据集来检验相关假设。 这项研究调查应大大增强我们对该主题的理解。 ***