Mechanisms and Kinetic Characterization of Bacteriolysis in Deposit Feeders

沉积物喂食器中细菌分解的机制和动力学特征

• 批准号: 9504505
• 负责人: Craig Plante
• 金额: $ 22.5万
• 依托单位: College of Charleston
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-06-01 至 2000-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9504505&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanisms; Kinetic; Characterization; Bacteriolysis; Deposit

P.I. Plante, Craig J. Proposal #: 9504505 PROJECT ABSTRACT Bacteria serve dual roles in sedimentary systems: as mineralizers of organic detritus and as food for protozoans and invertebrates. The biomass, production, and community composition of bacteria contribute to the character of these roles. The primary objective of the research is to assess the importance of deposit-feeder ingestion to both qualitative and quantitative aspects of sedimentary bacterial communities. The principal animal selected for intensive study is the deposit-feeding polychaete, Arencola marina. Other polychaetes (Amphitrite johnstoni and Clymenella torquata), hemichordates (Stereobalanus canadensis and Saccoglossus kowlevskyi), an apodous holothuroid (Caudina arenata), and a bivalve mollusc (Macoma balthica) will be investigated for interspecific comparisons. The mechanisms of lysis, keying on digestive surfactants, will be determined. In vitro work will examine 1) the digestive kinetics which affect interactions between surfactants and enzymes; 2) the rate and extent of bacterial digestion, 3) the influence of temperature and reactant concentrations on bacteriolysis, and 4) the effect of gut exposure time on digestive kinematics. In vivo experiments with temperature and food quality will be employed to test predictions resulting from in vitro investigations..

P.I. Plante，Craig J.提案＃：9504505项目摘要细菌在沉积系统中起双重作用：作为有机碎屑的矿物质，作为原生动物和无脊椎动物的食物。 细菌的生物量，生产和社区组成有助于这些角色的特征。 该研究的主要目的是评估沉积物摄入对沉积细菌群落的定性和定量方面的重要性。 为密集型研究选择的主要动物是喂养多切特的Arencola Marina。 其他多chaetes（Amphitrite Johnstoni和Clymenella torquata），Hemichortates（立体canadensis和saccoglossus kowlevskyi），终结的全胸动物（Caudina ernata），以及BBIVERVE MOLLUSC（MACOMA BALTHICA）将进行调查。 将确定裂解的机制，即消化表面活性剂的关键。 体外工作将检查1）影响表面活性剂与酶之间相互作用的消化动力学； 2）细菌消化的速率和程度，3）温度和反应物浓度对细菌分解的影响，以及4）肠道暴露时间对消化运动学的影响。 体内温度和食物质量的体内实验将用于测试由体外研究引起的预测。