Maria Goeppert Mayer: A Scientific Biography

玛丽亚·格佩特·梅耶尔：科学传记

• 批准号: 9320203
• 负责人: Karen Johnson
• 金额: $ 6.28万
• 依托单位: Saint Lawrence University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fixed Amount Award
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-06-01 至 1996-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9320203&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Maria; Goeppert; Mayer; Scientific; Biography

9320203 Johnson Being a successful scientist is extraordinarily difficult: one must have the intelligence to master extremely difficult material, the creativity to come up with solutions to problems which vex the best minds in your discipline, the stamina to pursue leads in long hours of research in laboratories or in field work, the ambition to beat out one's competitors, and the wisdom (called "luck" by those who fail to understand how science works) to seize opportunities which fortuitously come ones way. These traits are required for any scientist. Women scientists, however, need additional qualities to be successful. They face social, cultural and gender biases that militate against their success. This problem is not just the problem of women entering a predominately male field, though male colleagues have placed barriers in the path of women scientists. Social traditions and demands provide additional barriers: married women traditionally have extra burdens at home that their male counterparts do not carry; women who are mothers have primary child-rearing responsibilities; and society frowns on women with the traits (eg. ambition) necessary to be a success in science. Unfortunately, studies of women in science too frequently concentrate on the social aspects of the problems women face without integrating the scientific difficulties or these studies concentrate on the technical scientific problems without adequately understanding the social components. Dr. Johnson is the rare individual who understands both the social and the scientific aspects of these issues. Dr. Johnson is studying Maria Goeppert Mayer, Nobel laureate in nuclear physics in 1963. Mayer made extensive contributions not just in nuclear physics, but also atomic, chemical and molecular physics. She was married to the chemist Joseph E. Mayer, and their influence on each other's science was substantial. Dr. Johnson is addressing Maria Goeppert Mayer's scientific contributions, her experience as a woman in 20th century physics, and the role her marriage played in her career. ***

9320203 Johnson 成为一名成功的科学家是极其困难的：一个人必须拥有掌握极其困难的材料的智力，提出解决困扰你学科中最优秀头脑的问题的创造力，在长时间的研究中追求领先地位的耐力实验室或实地工作中的能力、击败竞争对手的雄心，以及抓住偶然出现的机会的智慧（被那些不了解科学运作原理的人称为“运气”）。 这些特征是任何科学家所必需的。 然而，女科学家需要额外的品质才能取得成功。 他们面临着社会、文化和性别偏见，这些偏见阻碍了他们的成功。 这个问题不仅仅是女性进入男性占主导地位的领域的问题，尽管男性同事在女性科学家的道路上设置了障碍。 社会传统和要求带来了额外的障碍：传统上，已婚妇女在家庭中承担着男性妇女所没有的额外负担； 身为母亲的妇女承担着抚养孩子的主要责任；社会对具有在科学领域取得成功所必需的特质（例如雄心）的女性不屑一顾。 不幸的是，对科学界女性的研究往往集中于妇女所面临问题的社会方面，而没有整合科学困难，或者这些研究集中于技术科学问题，而没有充分了解社会组成部分。 约翰逊博士是罕见的同时了解这些问题的社会和科学方面的人。 约翰逊博士正在研究 1963 年诺贝尔核物理学奖获得者玛丽亚·格佩特·梅耶尔 (Maria Goeppert Mayer)。梅耶尔不仅在核物理学领域，而且在原子、化学和分子物理学领域做出了广泛的贡献。 她的丈夫是化学家约瑟夫·E·梅耶 (Joseph E. Mayer)，他们对彼此的科学影响巨大。 约翰逊博士讲述了玛丽亚·格佩特·梅耶尔 (Maria Goeppert Mayer) 的科学贡献、她作为一名女性在 20 世纪物理学领域的经历，以及她的婚姻在她的职业生涯中所扮演的角色。 ***