Eyewitness Identification Confidence and Ecphoric Judgments

目击者辨认信心和快感判断

• 批准号: 9308275
• 负责人: Gary Wells
• 金额: $ 27.3万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1997-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9308275&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Eyewitness; Identification; Confidence; Ecphoric; Judgments

9308275 WELLS This project tests methods for determining the accuracy of eyewitness identifications. Eyewitnesses to crime often must attempt to identify crime culprits from line-ups or photospreads, and this is an important form of evidence for police investigators, judges and juries. Unfortunately, scientific studies indicate that mistaken identifications (of an innocent suspect) are not easily distinguished from accurate identifications (of the actual culprit). Especially problematic is the fact that the confidence of the eyewitness in response to a question such as "How confident are you that the person you identified is the person you saw steal the money?" shows little or no consistent relation to the accuracy of the identification. This causes considerable difficulty for crime investigators and for triers of fact (such as jurors), who must decide whether the eyewitness is accurate or mistaken. The project will undertake a series of five experiments designed to discover better ways to determine whether an eyewitness has made an accurate versus inaccurate identification. Thefts will be staged repeatedly before groups of unsuspecting people (totaling approximately 1,500 subjects for the five experiments) who will then be given photospreads and asked to identify the thief. Various conditions will be used across these five studies to test whether eyewitnesses' direct judgments of resemblance between their memories and the appearance of the identified person better predict accuracy of identification than do eyewitnesses' confidence in their accuracy, and whether the former are less vulnerable to extraneous influences than the latter. These studies will make an important theoretical contribution to our scientific understanding of eyewitness confidence stability. The results will also provide useful tools for determining the accuracy of identification evidence in actual criminal cases. ***

9308275 Wells此项目测试方法用于确定目击者识别的准确性。 犯罪的目击者通常必须试图从阵容或摄影师中识别犯罪罪犯，这是警察调查人员，法官和陪审团的重要形式。 不幸的是，科学研究表明，（无辜嫌疑人）错误的识别并不容易与准确的识别（实际罪魁祸首）区分开。 尤其是有问题的事实是，目击者对一个问题的信心，例如“您对所识别的人是您所看到的那个人有多信心的人？”几乎没有或没有一致的与识别准确性的关系。 这对犯罪调查人员和事实（例如陪审员）来说造成了很大的困难，他们必须决定目击者是准确还是错误的。 该项目将进行一系列五个实验，旨在发现更好的方法来确定目击者是否已成为准确的识别与不准确的识别。 盗窃将在毫无戒心的人群（五个实验的大约1,500名受试者）之前反复上演盗窃案，然后将其进行photospreads，并要求识别小偷。 在这五项研究中，将使用各种条件来测试目击者在记忆和确定人的出现之间的直接判断是否比目击者对准确性的信心更好地预测鉴定的准确性，以及前者是否比后者更容易受到外在影响。 这些研究将对我们对目击者信心稳定的科学理解做出重要的理论贡献。 结果还将提供有用的工具来确定实际刑事案件中识别证据的准确性。 ***