SEM and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Etruscan Amphoras

伊特鲁里亚双耳瓶的 SEM 和电子显微镜分析

• 批准号: 9305144
• 负责人: Michael Dietler
• 金额: $ 1.59万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1995-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9305144&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SEM; Electron; Microprobe; Analysis; Etruscan

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Michael Dietler will conduct chemical analyses on a series of ceramic samples of Etruscan amphoras collected from well dated sites in Southern France. Using techniques only recently applied to ceramics he will conduct combined scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron microprobe examination. On this basis he will determine the chemical composition of the constituent clays and hopefully separate the amphorae into distinct groups. He will then compare these groupings to those derived from stylistic analysis of such attributes as vessel shape and size. In this first step of a longer term project Dr. Dietler hopes to either confirm or revise the topology developed by archaeologists over many years. In the next stage he will attempt to use similar chemical analysis to tie these classes to places of origin in Etruscan Italy. Surprisingly, although archaeologists know that these amphorae were made by Etruscan peoples in Italy, most recovered examples come either from shipwrecks or sites in southern France. Very little information is available from their points of origin. These vessels were used to carry wine to France and were ultimately discarded there. The underlying issue which Dr. Dietler wishes to examine concerns neither wine nor amphorae per se, but rather cultural, political and economic relations between political entities at different stages of development. During Etruscan times, from approximately the 7th to 3rd millennia BC state level societies developed in Italy while in northern and western Europe people still lived at a less complex tribal stage of organization. Dr. Dieter wants to understand the strategies employed by the Etruscans in the interactions with their less developed neighbors and how groups in southern France reacted and underwent partial, selective acculturation. In addition to the knowledge this research will provide about European prehistory, it is important because of the methodological contribution it will make. Although the combined SEM electron microprobe technique is currently used in geological studies it has not been applied in archaeological contexts. If it is successful, it may greatly simplify ceramic analysts' work. Dr. Dieter's research constitutes a first practical test and the methodological implications are considerable.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，迈克尔·迪特勒（Michael Dietler）博士将对来自法国南部过时的地点收集的一系列伊特鲁里亚两栖动物的陶瓷样品进行化学分析。使用最近仅应用于陶瓷的技术，他将进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电子显微探针检查。在此基础上，他将确定成分粘土的化学组成，并希望将两栖动物分为不同的群体。然后，他将将这些分组与对容器形状和大小等属性的风格分析得出的分组进行比较。在长期项目的第一步中，迪特勒博士希望确认或修改多年来考古学家开发的拓扑。在下一阶段，他将尝试使用类似的化学分析将这些类别与意大利伊特鲁里亚人的原产地联系起来。令人惊讶的是，尽管考古学家知道这些两栖动物是由意大利的伊特鲁里亚人制作的，但大多数恢复的例子都是来自法国南部的沉船或地点。从他们的原始点获得的信息很少。这些船只被用来将葡萄酒带到法国，并最终被丢弃在那里。 Dietler博士希望研究的根本问题本身既不是葡萄酒，也不是两栖动物，而是在不同发展阶段的政治实体之间的文化，政治和经济关系。在伊特鲁里亚时代，从卑诗省的大约7至3千年在意大利建立的社会，而在北欧和西欧，人们仍然生活在组织不太复杂的组织阶段。 Dieter博士希望了解伊特鲁斯人在与较不发达的邻居的相互作用中采用的策略，以及法国南部的群体如何反应和部分选择性地适应。 除了该研究将提供有关欧洲史前历史的知识之外，这很重要，因为它将做出的方法论贡献。尽管当前在地质研究中使用了组合的SEM电子微探针技术，但尚未在考古背景下应用。如果成功，它可能会大大简化陶瓷分析师的工作。 Dieter博士的研究构成了第一个实用检验，方法论上的含义很大。