Getting Down to Basics:Using University and Corporate Patents to Identify Basic Inventions and Trace Their Diffusion

脚踏实地：利用大学和企业专利来识别基本发明并追踪其扩散

基本信息

批准号：
9110516
负责人：
Michael Fogarty
金额：
$ 7.31万
依托单位：
Case Western Reserve University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1991-08-01 至 1992-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9110516&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Getting Down Basics Using University

项目摘要

It is a widely-held view that the United States remains preeminent in the world in the performance of basic research, but does an inadequate job of commercially exploiting that research. In particular, it is feared that publicly-funded research at universities and other nonprofit institutions is not yielding the highest possible benefits, because of the failure of American firms to commercialize the fruits of that research. This project has two fundamental objectives. One is to develop a methodology for quantifying the "basicness" of inventions, based on the pattern of patent citations. The other is to trace the geographic pattern of diffusion and subsequent commercialization of inventions, particularly basic ones, again using patent citation data. All patents assigned to universities based on applications from the years 1975-1980 will be identified. In addition, samples of U.S. corporate patents will also be identified as a control. The research will test whether university patents are, indeed, more basic than corporate patents according to these measures, and whether patents that are generally basic as measured by their citation patterns are perceived to be basic by people knowledgeable about the research. The citation data will also be used to trace the geographic location of any subsequent commercialization of both university and corporation patents. This research is important because it will provide a better understanding of the process of technological change and diffusion.

人们普遍认为，美国在基础研究方面仍然处于世界领先地位，但在商业利用这些研究方面做得不够。人们尤其担心大学和其他非营利机构的公共资助研究并没有产生尽可能高的效益，因为美国公司未能将这些研究成果商业化。该项目有两个基本目标。一是开发一种基于专利引用模式来量化发明“基础性”的方法。另一个是再次使用专利引用数据来追踪发明（尤其是基础发明）的传播和随后商业化的地理模式。根据 1975 年至 1980 年的申请分配给大学的所有专利都将被确定。此外，美国企业专利样本也将被确定为对照。该研究将根据这些措施测试大学专利是否确实比企业专利更基础，以及根据引用模式衡量的一般基础专利是否被了解该研究的人认为是基础专利。引文数据还将用于追踪大学和企业专利后续商业化的地理位置。这项研究很重要，因为它将提供对技术变革和扩散过程的更好理解。