Research on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates (RACER): Mechanisms of Bloom Formation and Decline

南极沿海生态系统速率（RACER）研究：水华形成和衰退的机制

• 批准号: 8907287
• 负责人: Anthony Amos
• 金额: $ 18.59万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-04-01 至 1993-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8907287&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; Antarctic; Coastal; Ecosystem; Rates

Historical data and observations from studies of the coastal Antarctic Peninsula region provide detailed documentation of massive phytoplankton blooms which develop within the Gerlache Strait and the southwest portion of the Bransfield Strait. Hydrographic data indicate that the flow field is relatively quiescent in the region of bloom formation. The objectives of the proposed work are to understand the temporal detail regarding the mechanisms leading to formation and decline of these blooms. This component of the RACER (Research on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates) program will utilize an interdisciplinary approach to resolve the phytoplankton response to physical forcing. The emphasis will be on high temporal resolution of meteorological forcing of turbulent mixing within the upper water column, and the response of the phytoplankton. This will be accomplished with a permanent meteorological station on an island adjacent to the primary station and rapid profiling of physical- optical-biological properties. Detailed studies of phytoplankton rate processes including carbon and nitrogen isotope uptake studies, growth rates determined by radio-carbon labelling of chlorophyll a, and kinetics of photoadaptation will be carried out. The photoadaptive status of the phytoplankton crop will be determined from optical, biochemical, and photosynthetic parameters. This information is essential for an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of bloom formation. Such an understanding is required for development of mechanistic models which are capable of predicting seasonal progression and interannual variability forced by the physical environment.

南极半岛沿海地区研究的历史数据和观察结果提供了杰拉什海峡和布兰斯菲尔德海峡西南部地区大规模浮游植物大量繁殖的详细记录。 水文学数据表明，水华形成区域的流场相对静止。 拟议工作的目标是了解导致这些水华形成和衰退的机制的时间细节。 RACER（南极沿海生态系统速率研究）计划的这一组成部分将利用跨学科方法来解决浮游植物对物理强迫的反应。 重点将放在上层水柱内湍流混合的气象强迫的高时间分辨率以及浮游植物的响应上。 这将通过在主站附近的岛屿上建立一个永久气象站并快速分析物理-光学-生物特性来实现。将进行浮游植物速率过程的详细研究，包括碳和氮同位素吸收研究、通过叶绿素a的放射性碳标记确定的生长速率以及光适应动力学。 浮游植物作物的光适应状态将由光学、生化和光合参数确定。 这些信息对于了解水华形成的基本机制至关重要。 这种理解是开发机械模型所必需的，该模型能够预测自然环境造成的季节变化和年际变化。