The Coastal Effects of Tsunamis: A Study of Overland Flow and Its Interaction with Structures

海啸的海岸影响：地表水流及其与结构相互作用的研究

• 批准号: 8719931
• 负责人: Fredric Raichlen
• 金额: $ 28.12万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-04-01 至 1991-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8719931&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coastal; Effects; Tsunamis; Study; Overland

This research program is investigating the coastal effects of tsunamis (seismic sea waves), including the inundation of coastal areas and the interaction of overland flows with constructed facilities. Most tsunamis are generated by sea floor uplift or underwater landslides resulting from an earthquake. Unlike an earthquake, a tsunami can cause severe damage and loss of life several thousand miles from the source of the earthquake. For example, Hilo, Hawaii has been devastated by earthquakes occurring along the Aleutian chain in Alaska, and along the subduction zone off the Chilean coast. One of the most devastating tsunamis experienced in Japan resulted from the 1960 Chilean earthquake. The magnitude (height) of tsunamis at particular locations is difficult to predict, so that the actual height may be much less than expected. Also, the effect of a tsunami of known height in causing damage to coastal structures is virtually unknown. Most of the research undertaken has been for specific sites: little generic research has been performed although these research topics are basic to the understanding of the coastal effect of tsunamis. Professor Raichlen is investigating these subjects both analytically and experimentally. These pioneering studies are expected to contribute significantly to the understanding of the coastal effect of tsunamis.

该研究计划正在调查海啸（地震海浪）的沿海作用，包括沿海地区的淹没以及陆上流与建筑设施的相互作用。 大多数海啸都是由地震引起的海底隆起或水下滑坡产生的。 与地震不同，海啸可能会造成严重的损害和距地震来源数千英里的生命。 例如，夏威夷希罗（Hilo）遭受了阿拉斯加阿留申链沿线以及智利海岸附近的俯冲带的毁灭性。 日本最毁灭性的海啸之一是1960年的智利地震造成的。 很难预测在特定位置海啸的大小（高度），因此实际高度可能远远低于预期。 同样，已知高度的海啸对沿海结构造成损害的影响实际上是未知的。 进行的大多数研究都是针对特定地点的：尽管这些研究主题是对海啸沿海作用的基础，但几乎没有进行通用研究。 Raichlen教授正在分析和实验中研究这些学科。 这些开创性的研究有望为对海啸沿海作用的理解做出重大贡献。