RUI: Role of Peptides in Modulating the Output of a Small Neural System

RUI：肽在调节小型神经系统输出中的作用

• 批准号: 8706568
• 负责人: Patsy Dickinson
• 金额: $ 13.58万
• 依托单位: Bowdoin College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-07-15 至 1990-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8706568&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Role; Peptides; Modulating; Output

In recent years, an enormous number of neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory substances have been identified in both vertebrate and invertebrate substances. These substances include a number of amines and an ever-increasing number of neuropeptides, the exact physiological roles of which are still unclear. However, it appears in many cases that the peptides are modulatory in nature, provoking relatively long-term alterations of ongoing neuronal activity or inducing such activity in previously quiescent preparations. Such modification and modulation of neuronal activity is common to all animals, and is essential to a wide variety of activities. Studies of the roles of neuropeptides in modulating neuronal activities will thus serve to clarify further not only the physiological roles of the many substances found in the nervous system but also the mechanisms by which neuronal modulation can occur. Perhaps the most amenable systems for the study of modulation at present are those systems in which a regularly patterned activity occurs. One such system, in which the role of peptides in modulating neuronal activity can be addressed readily, is the stomatogastric nervous system of decapod crustaceans. Questions related to the peptidergic modulation of neuronal activity, particulary rhythmically patterned activity, have already been approached from several perspectives. Considerable effort has been devoted to identifying and localizing a variety of neuropeptides in the stomatogastric system. In addition, the physiological effects of a number of neuropeptides on the stomatogastric system have been studied. Furthermore, at least one modulatory neuron has been identified, and its modulatory effects on the system have been studied. What is lacking, however, is the synthesis of these three types of experiments, the positive identification of the transmitters used by individual modulatory neurons and the effects of these neurons when fired in a physiologically relevant manner. The present study by Dr. Patsy Dickinson is designed to begin to fill this gap in our knowledge in two ways: (1) by identifying and recording from neurons containing neuropeptides, and (2) by examining modulatory neurons for the presence of these neuropeptides.

近年来，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物物质中都发现了大量的神经递质和神经调节性物质。 这些物质包括许多胺和数量不断增加的神经肽，其确切的生理作用仍然不清楚。 但是，在许多情况下，肽本质上是调节性的，引起了持续的神经元活性的相对长期改变或在先前静止的制剂中诱导这种活性。 这种神经元活性的修饰和调节对于所有动物来说都是共同的，对于各种活性至关重要。 因此，研究神经肽在调节神经元活性中的作用将不仅阐明神经系统中许多物质的生理作用，而且还可以阐明神经元调节的机制。 目前，最适合调制的系统可能是那些发生定期模式活动的系统。 一种这样的系统，其中肽在调节神经元活性中的作用可以很容易地解决，是decapod甲壳类动物的气孔神经系统。 与神经元活性的肽能调节有关的问题，从几个角度来看，已经从几个角度解决了尤其有节奏的图案化活性。 大量的努力致力于识别和定位在气孔系统中的各种神经肽。 另外，已经研究了许多神经肽对气孔系统的生理影响。 此外，已经确定了至少一个调节神经元，并研究了其对系统的调节作用。 然而，缺乏这三种实验的综合，即单个调节神经元使用的发射器的积极识别以及以生理相关的方式触发这些神经元的效果。 Patsy Dickinson博士的本研究旨在通过两种方式开始以我们的知识来填补这一空白：（1）通过鉴定和记录含有神经肽的神经元的记录，以及（2）检查调节性神经元以在存在这些神经肽的情况下。