Immune Profiling of Syngeneic Murine and Patient GBMs for Effective Translation of Immunotherapies.

Immunotherapy for brain tumors remains elusive, unlike many other cancer types for which it is one of the most promising therapeutic options. Recent studies have comprehensively profiled the immune-landscape of the highly malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM) in patients and identified novel immune-modulatory targets. However, given that pre-clinical exploration of potential novel therapeutics is primarily performed in immune-competent mice, it is vital to compare the immune-profiling data obtained from syngeneic mouse GBM models with GBM patient samples. This will pave the way for utilizing appropriate clinically relevant mouse GBM models for evaluating novel immune-therapies in pre-clinical settings. Recent brain tumor immune-profiling studies using state-of-the-art time of flight cytometry (CyTOF) analysis compared different human and mouse GBM types and reported immunological distinctions amongst these mouse models. These studies also contrast the immune phenotype of brain tumor patients with commonly used pre-clinical immune-competent mouse models. In this perspective, we provide the outcomes of very recent brain tumor immune-profiling studies and their implications on designing and translating unique, tumor-subtype specific therapeutics.

与许多其他癌症类型不同，脑肿瘤的免疫疗法仍然难以捉摸，而对于其他癌症类型，免疫疗法是最有前景的治疗选择之一。近期的研究全面描述了高度恶性的脑肿瘤——胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）患者的免疫情况，并确定了新的免疫调节靶点。然而，鉴于潜在新疗法的临床前探索主要是在免疫功能正常的小鼠中进行的，将同基因小鼠胶质母细胞瘤模型获得的免疫分析数据与胶质母细胞瘤患者样本进行比较至关重要。这将为利用合适的临床相关小鼠胶质母细胞瘤模型在临床前环境中评估新型免疫疗法铺平道路。近期使用先进的飞行时间细胞术（CyTOF）分析进行的脑肿瘤免疫分析研究比较了不同的人和小鼠胶质母细胞瘤类型，并报告了这些小鼠模型之间的免疫学差异。这些研究还将脑肿瘤患者的免疫表型与常用的临床前免疫功能正常的小鼠模型进行了对比。从这个角度出发，我们介绍了近期脑肿瘤免疫分析研究的结果及其对设计和转化独特的、肿瘤亚型特异性疗法的影响。