高盐水中硝酸根的电化学去除方法

The removal of nitrate is an important goal in the treatment of high-salinity water such as mariculture tail water and reverse osmosis concentrate. Due to the characteristics of high salinity and low carbon, the denitrification effect of microbial technology for this type of water is not good. Electrochemical reduction denitrification can achieve the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen through electron transfer. This process requires a relatively high electrical conductivity and is not limited by the organic matter content, so it is particularly suitable for treating such water. This article briefly describes the comparative advantages of electrochemical methods for high-salinity and low-carbon water, introduces the mechanism of the electroreduction of nitrate process and typical cathode materials, analyzes the factors affecting the cathode performance and their action rules, and summarizes the cooperation between the cathode and anode to improve the selectivity of nitrogen production. Finally, it summarizes the research progress in the field of electrochemical removal of nitrate and looks forward to the development direction.

硝酸根去除是海水养殖尾水、反渗透浓水等高盐水处理的重要目标.由于高盐、低碳的特点,微生物技术针对这类水的脱氮效果不佳.电化学还原脱氮可通过电子传递实现硝酸根到氮气的转化,该过程要求较高的电导率且不受有机物含量限制,因此特别适合处理此类水.本文简述了针对高盐低碳水电化学方法的比较优势,介绍了电还原硝酸根过程机理和典型阴极材料,分析了影响阴极性能的因素及其作用规律,并对阴极阳极配合提高产氮气选择性进行了概述.最后总结了电化学去除硝酸根领域的研究进展并展望了发展方向.