基于栅格的喀斯特山区土地系统脆弱性评价:以贵州普定县为例

Using the analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, the vulnerability of the land system in Puding County is evaluated based on the grid scale. The article aims to analyze the vulnerability level of the Puding land system and its regional differences. The results show that: (1) The vulnerability of the land system in Puding County is mainly high, medium and low. The low and lower vulnerability levels are mainly distributed in the southern area where the population is relatively sparse, the slope is small and the vegetation coverage is good. The high and higher vulnerability levels are mainly distributed in the central and northeastern areas with larger slopes and higher soil erosion; (2) The vulnerability in Puding County is divided into five levels and 43 regions, among which there are 2 low-vulnerability regions with an area of 9,542.72 hm²; 7 lower-vulnerability regions with an area of 33,121.56 hm²; 14 medium-vulnerability regions with an area of 37,493.02 hm²; 11 higher-vulnerability regions with an area of 24,111.72 hm²; 9 high-vulnerability regions with an area of 2,167.28 hm²; (3) The vulnerability of the land system in each township in Puding County from low to high is Maguan Town, Longchang Township, Baiyan Township, Pingshang Miao, Yi and Buyi Ethnic Township, Huachu Town, Jichangpo Township, Houchang Miao and Gelao Ethnic Township, Bulang Miao Ethnic Township, Maodong Miao and Gelao Ethnic Township, Machang Town, Chengguan Town. Although the natural environmental conditions play a decisive role in the vulnerability of the land system in karst areas, human production activities are also important influencing factors.

运用层次分析法和模糊综合评判模型,基于栅格尺度对普定县土地系统脆弱性进行评价,文章旨在分析普定土地系统脆弱性水平及其区域差异。结果表明:(1)普定县土地系统脆弱性以较高、中等和较低脆弱性为主,脆弱性低级和较低级主要分布在南部人口相对稀疏、坡度较小和植被覆盖较好的区域,脆弱性高级和较高级主要分布在中部东北部坡度较大、土壤侵蚀较高的地区;(2)普定县脆弱性分五级43个区,其中脆弱性低区2个,面积9 542.72 hm~2;脆弱性较低区7个,面积33 121.56 hm~2;脆弱性中等区14个,面积37 493.02 hm~2;脆弱性较高区11个,面积24 111.72 hm~2;脆弱性高区9个,面积2 167.28 hm~2;(3)普定县各乡镇土地系统脆弱性由低到高依次为马官镇、龙场乡、白岩乡、坪上苗族彝族布依族乡、化处镇、鸡场坡乡、猴场苗族仡佬族乡、补郎苗族乡、猫洞苗族仡佬族乡、马场镇、城关镇。虽然自然环境条件对喀斯特地区的土地系统脆弱性具有决定性的作用,但是人类生产活动也是重要的影响因素。