Construction of biofuel cells-based self-powered biosensors via design of nanocatalytic system

Biofuel cells (BFCs) can directly produce electrical energy from biofuels, have been applied as the power source to construct self-powered biosensors (SPBs) for analyte sensitive detection through changing their outputs with the concentration of analyte. Compared with conventional electrochemical sensors, BFCs-based SPBs no longer required the external power supplies and other complex devices, which are conducive to the development of portable and implantable devices. The output performance and stability of BFCs are the key issues for constructing SPBs with excellent performance. Based on the above-mentioned issues, researchers continue to develop new strategies and novel nanomaterials for sensor design, and build BFCs-based SPBs with good stability and high output performance by improving the stability and catalytic activity of catalysts. So far, BFCs-based SPBs have achieved gratifying progresses through the continuous exploration of researchers. In this review, we summarize the research advances in SPBs based on different nanocatalytic systems, such as enzymes/ nanomaterials-based, light-driven, and non-enzymes-based, and discuss the novel SPBs based on different sensing strategies. Apart from this, we also summarize and discuss the improvement of the stability and durability of SPBs by the nanocatalytic system. Finally, we propose the challenges and opportunities of BFCs-based SPBs in the future development directions.

生物燃料电池（BFCs）能够直接从生物燃料中产生电能，已被用作电源来构建自供电生物传感器（SPBs），通过其输出随分析物浓度的变化实现对分析物的灵敏检测。与传统的电化学传感器相比，基于BFCs的SPBs不再需要外部电源和其他复杂设备，这有利于便携式和可植入设备的开发。BFCs的输出性能和稳定性是构建性能优异的SPBs的关键问题。基于上述问题，研究人员不断开发新的策略和新型纳米材料用于传感器设计，并通过提高催化剂的稳定性和催化活性来构建具有良好稳定性和高输出性能的基于BFCs的SPBs。到目前为止，通过研究人员的不断探索，基于BFCs的SPBs已经取得了令人欣喜的进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了基于不同纳米催化体系（如基于酶/纳米材料、光驱动和非酶的体系）的SPBs的研究进展，并讨论了基于不同传感策略的新型SPBs。除此之外，我们还总结和讨论了纳米催化体系对SPBs稳定性和耐久性的提高。最后，我们提出了基于BFCs的SPBs在未来发展方向上面临的挑战和机遇。