高熵合金涂层制备及其应用的研究进展

High-entropy alloy coatings, also known as multi-principal element alloy coatings, are a new type of alloy coatings. Affected by the high-entropy effect, the microstructure of the coating mainly consists of a single BCC, FCC or HCP solid solution phase, and it is easy to form amorphous, nanocrystalline and nano-composites, exhibiting excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, high-temperature oxidation resistance, radiation resistance and biocompatibility, etc., and has important research value and application prospects. The concept of high-entropy alloy coatings is elaborated from the two aspects of the number of principal elements and the configurational entropy value of the coating respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used high-entropy alloy coating preparation processes such as thermal spraying, laser cladding and physical vapor deposition are compared and analyzed. The industrial application status of high-entropy alloy coatings is summarized. Finally, the problems existing in the current research of high-entropy alloy coatings are pointed out and its future development direction is prospected.

高熵合金涂层又称多主元合金涂层,是一种新型合金涂层.受高熵效应的影响,涂层的组织结构主要由单一的BCC、FCC或者HCP固溶体相构成,且易于形成非晶、纳米晶和纳米复合物,呈现出优异的综合力学性能、抗高温氧化性能、耐辐射性能和生物兼容性能等,具有重要的研究价值和应用前景.分别从涂层的主元数量和位形熵值两方面对高熵合金涂层的概念进行了阐述,比较分析了热喷涂、激光熔覆以及物理气相沉积等几类常用的高熵合金涂层制备工艺的优点和不足,总结了高熵合金涂层的工业应用现状,最后指出了高熵合金涂层在目前的研究中存在的问题并展望了其未来的发展方向.