White privilege critical consciousness, racial attitudes, and intergroup anxiety among parents and adult children in White families

ABSTRACT Prejudice and discrimination toward Black individuals in the U.S. serves to maintain White privilege. This research integrated the tenets of social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1977) and White racial identity theory (Helms, 1990) to examine intraindividual associations (i.e., within a single person) and interindividual associations (i.e., between family members) among parents’ and adult children’s critical consciousness of their White privilege, (anti)racist attitudes, and intergroup anxiety. We also tested a series of mediation paths from parents’ White privilege critical consciousness to children’s outcomes to explore potential mechanisms by which racial attitudes and behaviors are associated among family members. This study highlights the intricate nature of White privilege in White families, and their links to both progressive and harmful race-related attitudes and behaviors.

摘要：美国对黑人个体的偏见和歧视有助于维持白人的特权。本研究综合了社会认知理论（班杜拉，1977）和白人种族认同理论（赫尔姆斯，1990）的原则，以考察父母和成年子女对自身白人特权的批判意识、（反）种族主义态度以及群体间焦虑之间的个体内关联（即单个人内部）和个体间关联（即家庭成员之间）。我们还测试了从父母对白人特权的批判意识到子女相关结果的一系列中介路径，以探索家庭成员之间种族态度和行为相关联的潜在机制。这项研究凸显了白人家庭中白人特权的复杂本质，以及它们与进步的和有害的种族相关态度及行为之间的联系。