Psychoactive bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) elicits rapid frequency facilitation in vagal afferents

Perez-Burgos A, Wang B, Mao Y, Mistry B, Neufeld KM, Bienenstock J, Kunze W. Psychoactive bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) elicits rapid frequency facilitation in vagal afferents. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 304: G211-G220, 2013. First published November 8, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00128.2012.-Mounting evidence supports the influence of the gut microbiome on the local enteric nervous system and its effects on brain chemistry and relevant behavior. Vagal afferents are involved in some of these effects. We previously showed that ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) caused extensive neurochemical changes in the brain and behavior that were abrogated by prior vagotomy. Because information can be transmitted to the brain via primary afferents encoded as neuronal spike trains, our goal was to record those induced by JB-1 in vagal afferents in the mesenteric nerve bundle and thus determine the nature of the signals sent to the brain. Male Swiss Webster mice jejunal segments were cannulated ex vivo, and serosal and luminal compartments were perfused separately. Bacteria were added intraluminally. We found no evidence for translocation of labeled bacteria across the epithelium during the experiment. We recorded extracellular multi- and single-unit neuronal activity with glass suction pipettes. Within minutes of application, JB-1 increased the constitutive single- and multiunit firing rate of the mesenteric nerve bundle, but Lactobacillus salivarius (a negative control) or media alone were ineffective. JB-1 significantly augmented multiunit discharge responses to an intraluminal distension pressure of 31 hPa. Prior subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abolished all of the JB-1-evoked effects. This detailed exploration of the neuronal spike firing that encodes behavioral signaling to the brain may be useful to identify effective psychoactive bacteria and thereby offer an alternative new perspective in the field of psychiatry and comorbid conditions.

佩雷斯 - 布尔戈斯A，王B，毛Y，米斯特里B，诺伊费尔德KM，比恩斯托克J，昆泽W。精神活性细菌鼠李糖乳杆菌（JB - 1）在迷走神经传入纤维中引起快速的频率易化。《美国生理学杂志：胃肠肝生理学》304卷：G211 - G220，2013年。首次发表于2012年11月8日；doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00128.2012。——越来越多的证据支持肠道微生物组对局部肠神经系统的影响以及它对大脑化学和相关行为的作用。迷走神经传入纤维参与了其中一些作用。我们先前表明，摄入益生菌鼠李糖乳杆菌（JB - 1）会导致大脑和行为发生广泛的神经化学变化，而预先进行的迷走神经切断术会消除这些变化。因为信息可以通过编码为神经元放电序列的初级传入纤维传递到大脑，所以我们的目标是记录JB - 1在肠系膜神经束的迷走神经传入纤维中所诱导的信息，从而确定发送到大脑的信号的性质。雄性瑞士韦伯斯特小鼠的空肠段在体外进行插管，浆膜腔和肠腔分别进行灌注。细菌被添加到肠腔内。我们在实验过程中没有发现标记细菌穿过上皮细胞移位的证据。我们用玻璃吸液管记录细胞外多单位和单单位神经元活动。在应用后的几分钟内，JB - 1增加了肠系膜神经束的固有单单位和多单位放电频率，但唾液乳杆菌（阴性对照）或单独的培养基没有效果。JB - 1显著增强了对31 hPa肠腔内扩张压力的多单位放电反应。预先进行的膈下迷走神经切断术消除了所有由JB - 1诱发的效应。这种对编码向大脑的行为信号的神经元放电的详细探究可能有助于识别有效的精神活性细菌，从而为精神病学和共病情况领域提供一个替代性的新视角。