民众话语下的泰山世界遗产地社会价值探析

The protection and sustainable development of world heritage, on the one hand, requires determining the heritage value from an expert perspective and formulating corresponding protection and development strategies according to these values; on the other hand, it requires exploring from the public perspective how personal and collective memories construct the contemporary social value of the heritage. Taking Mount Tai as an example, using the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and through semi-structured interviews, this paper analyzes how the public uses personal memories, experiences and emotions to construct the social value of Mount Tai during the tour process. The research findings are as follows: Firstly, the public pays attention to the sense of history and cultural pride brought by Mount Tai, and this attention is more of an emotional resonance; secondly, the public's interpretation of heritage values changes with the times and integrates the experience of modern life into the interpretation of ancient heritage values, and thus the connotation of heritage is enriched with the development of the times. Although the public does not possess the professional knowledge of world heritage application and management and it is difficult for them to directly participate in the process of world heritage application and management, researchers can record the public's understanding of heritage values and emotional expressions through semi-structured interviews, discussions, participant observations, questionnaires and big data quantitative collection, etc. This is conducive to understanding the differences between the public discourse and the expert discourse and exploring the more democratic and localized social value of heritage sites.

世界遗产的保护和可持续发展一方面需要从专家视角确定遗产价值，并根据这些价值制定相应的保护和发展策略；另一方面需要从民众视角探究个人和集体记忆如何构建遗产的当代社会价值。以泰山为例，采用批评话语分析理论框架，并通过半结构访谈分析民众在游览过程中如何将个人的记忆、经历和情感用以构建泰山的社会价值。研究发现：首先，民众关注泰山带来的历史感和文化自豪感，这种关注更多的是情感上的共鸣；其次，民众对于遗产价值的解读会随时代而改变，并将现代生活的体验融入对古代遗产价值的解读中，遗产的内涵因此随时代发展而丰富。虽然民众不具备世界遗产申报和管理的专业知识，难以直接参与世界遗产的申报和管理过程，但是研究者可以通过半结构化访谈、座谈、参与观察、问卷调查以及大数据量化收集等方式，记录民众对于遗产价值的理解和情感表达。这有利于认识民众话语与专家话语的区别，探索更民主且具备本土化特征的遗产地社会价值。