中国林木种业发展现状与展望

Forests are based on seeds, and the forest seed industry is the lifeblood of forestry and the original driving force for promoting the upgrading of the forestry industry. The article summarizes the development status, achievements, and problems faced by China's forest seed industry, analyzes the development trends of the forest seed industry at home and abroad, and puts forward the development goals, tasks, and countermeasures for China's forest seed industry. Over the past 70 years, the forest seed industry has supported the improvement of the quality and efficiency of China's forestry industry and has made substantial progress in the protection of forest germplasm resources, the construction of improved seed bases, research on forest molecular breeding, breeding innovation, and the selection and breeding of new varieties. However, there are still problems such as the quantity and quality of existing improved seeds being difficult to meet production requirements, forest breeding mainly concentrating on a few afforestation tree species, the weak construction of long-term forest breeding bases, and the lack of regional testing bases. Currently, forest breeding is developing towards multiple goals such as high yield, high quality, and high resistance, and the core of the development of forest breeding theories and technologies is to improve breeding efficiency. In the future, China's forest seed industry needs to further strengthen the protection of forest germplasm resources, accelerate the selection and breeding of excellent forest varieties, strengthen the breeding and popularization of improved forest seeds, strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation platforms for the forest seed industry, and promote the seed industry scientific and technological projects of ecological stress-resistant tree species, fast-growing timber tree species, precious tree species, economic forest trees, ornamental plants, bamboo plants, etc. in a classified manner, so as to promote the innovative development of the forest seed industry, enhance the competitiveness of the modern forest seed industry, and serve the construction of the national ecological civilization and the high-quality development of forestry.

林以种为本,林木种业是林业的命脉和促进林业产业升级的原动力。文章总结了中国林木种业发展现状、成效、面临的问题,分析了国内外林木种业发展趋势,提出了中国林木种业发展目标、任务和对策。70年来,林木种业支撑着中国林业产业的提质增效,在林木种质资源保护、良种基地建设、林木分子育种研究、育种创新及新品种选育等方面取得了实质性进展,但仍存在现有良种数量和质量难以满足生产需求、林木育种主要集中于少数造林树种、林木长期育种基地建设薄弱,区域测试基地缺乏等问题。当前,林木育种正向高产、优质、高抗等多目标方向发展,林木育种理论和技术发展的核心是提高育种效率。未来中国林木种业需进一步加强林木种质资源保护、加快优良林木品种选育、加强林木良种繁育与推广、强化林木种业科技创新平台建设、分类推进生态抗逆树种、速生用材树种、珍贵树种、经济林木、观赏植物、竹类植物等种业科技工程,促进林木种业的创新发展,提升现代林木种业竞争力,服务国家生态文明建设和林业高质量发展。