南极冰下基岩热水驱动快速取心钻具研究

The bedrock cores beneath the ice on the Antarctic continent are of great significance for studying the geological structure and origin of the Antarctic continent. At present, no country has successfully drilled bedrock samples beneath the ice in the Antarctic inland, and it is extremely urgent to develop drilling equipment that can quickly drill to the ice-rock interface and complete bedrock sampling. Aiming at the technical difficulties of sampling bedrock beneath polar ice, a conceptual design of a bedrock coring tool beneath ice driven by hot water and that can be used in combination with a hot water drilling system is proposed. This tool system uses a conventional hot water drill to complete the drilling of the overlying ice layer on the Antarctic continent, and then replaces the hot water coring tool to quickly reach the ice-rock interface through the existing borehole, completing the coring drilling of sediments and bedrock beneath the ice, greatly shortening the bedrock coring time and improving the drilling efficiency. Combining the parameters of the hot water drilling system independently developed by China, the pressure loss and output torque of the screw motor are theoretically calculated, and the selection basis for the screw motor is proposed. This technology is expected to play an important role in future bedrock coring drilling beneath polar ice.

南极大陆冰下基岩岩心对研究南极大陆地质构造及成因具有重要意义，目前尚没有任何一个国家在南极内陆成功钻取冰下基岩样品，研制可快速钻至冰岩界面并完成基岩采样的钻进设备迫在眉睫。针对极地冰下基岩取样技术难题，提出了一种可结合热水钻系统使用的采用热水驱动的冰下基岩取心钻具概念设计。该钻具系统采用常规热.水钻完成南极大陆上覆冰层钻进，然后更换热水取心钻具穿过已有钻孔快速到达冰岩界面，完成冰下沉积物和基岩取心钻进，大大缩短基岩取心时间，提高钻进效率。结合中国自主研发的热水钻系统参数，对螺杆马达压力损失和输出扭矩进行理论计算，提出了螺杆马达选择依据。该技术有望在未来极地冰下基岩取心钻进中发挥重要作用。