Ikzf2 Regulates the Development of ICOS(+) Th Cells to Mediate Immune Response in the Spleen of S. japonicum-Infected C57BL/6 Mice.

Th cells (helper T cells) have multiple functions in Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection. Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) is induced and expressed in activated T lymphocytes, which enhances the development of B cells and antibody production through the ICOS/ICOSL pathway. It remains unclear about the role and possible regulating mechanism of ICOS+ Th cells in the spleen of S. japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice were infected with cercariae of S. japonicum through the abdomen. The expression of ICOS, activation markers, and the cytokine production on CD4+ ICOS+ Th cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, the differentially expressed gene data of ICOS+ and ICOS− Th cells from the spleen of infected mice were obtained by mRNA sequencing. Besides, Western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to explore the role of Ikzf2 on ICOS expression. After S. japonicum infection, the expression of ICOS molecules gradually increased in splenic lymphocytes, especially in Th cells (P < 0.01). Compared with ICOS− Th cells, more ICOS+ Th cells expressed CD69, CD25, CXCR5, and CD40L (P < 0.05), while less of them expressed CD62L (P < 0.05). Also, ICOS+ Th cells expressed more cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2, and IL-21 (P < 0.05). RNA sequencing results showed that many transcription factors were increased significantly in ICOS+ Th cells, especially Ikzf2 (P < 0.05). And then, the expression of Ikzf2 was verified to be significantly increased and mainly located in the nuclear of ICOS+ Th cells. Finally, ChIP experiments and dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Ikzf2 could directly bind to the ICOS promoter in Th cells. In this study, ICOS+ Th cells were found to play an important role in S. japonicum infection to induce immune response in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, Ikzf2 was found to be one important transcription factor that could regulate the expression of ICOS in the spleen of S. japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mice.

TH细胞（辅助T细胞）在Japonicum（Japonicum S. japonicum）感染中具有多种功能。 ICOSL途径尚不清楚ICOS+ TH细胞在Japonicum感染的C57BL/6小鼠中的作用和调节机制。 C57BL/6小鼠通过腹部用japonicum的尾carcariae感染。此外，通过MRNA测序获得了来自感染小鼠的脾脏的ICOS+和ICOS -TH细胞的不同表达的基因数据印迹和染色质免疫沉淀（CHIP）用于探索IKZF2在ICOS表达中的作用。 japonicum链球菌感染后，与ICOS- TH细胞相比，ICOS分子的表达逐渐增加，尤其是在TH细胞中（P <0.01）。 0.05），较少表达CD62L（p <0.05）。 IL-2和IL-21（p <0.05）。提高并主要位于ICOS+ TH细胞的核中。 TH细胞中的ICOS启动子。 在这项研究中，发现ICOS+ TH细胞在Japonicum链球菌感染中起着重要的作用，以诱导C57BL/6小鼠的脾脏中的免疫响应。 Japonicum S. japonicum感染的C57BL/6小鼠的脾脏。