Typologies of Suicide: A Critical Literature Review

This review highlights proposed suicide typologies and identifies areas of future research. The current study is an illustrative, rather than exhaustive, qualitative review of theoretical and empirically derived typologies of suicide decedents. Theoretical and empirical typologies of suicide delineate between groups of suicide decedents based on individual, motivational, psychiatric, interpersonal, socio-demographic, and other variables. Certain core themes emerge across theoretical typologies including escape, aggression, intrapsychic pain, and relational concerns. Empirical typologies have identified unique patterns of life stressors, mental health history, health care utilization, and suicide method among suicide decedents. Future research should build on existing typological models of suicide to delineate when, and for whom, particular typologies of suicide may inform targeted prevention efforts. Researchers and clinicians should consider the characteristics and needs of particular high-risk groups when translating typological research into meaningful suicide prevention and intervention.

这篇综述强调了提出的自杀类型学，并确定了未来研究的领域。当前的研究是对自杀死亡者的理论和实证得出的类型学进行的说明性（而非详尽无遗的）定性综述。自杀的理论和实证类型学根据个人、动机、精神疾病、人际关系、社会人口统计学及其他变量对自杀死亡者群体进行了区分。在理论类型学中出现了某些核心主题，包括逃避、攻击性、内心痛苦和关系问题。实证类型学已经在自杀死亡者中确定了生活压力源、心理健康史、医疗保健利用和自杀方法的独特模式。未来的研究应基于现有的自杀类型学模型，以明确特定的自杀类型在何时以及对何人可能为有针对性的预防工作提供信息。研究人员和临床医生在将类型学研究转化为有意义的自杀预防和干预措施时，应考虑特定高风险群体的特征和需求。