Emerging oomycete threats to plants and animals

Oomycetes, or water moulds, are fungal-like organisms phylogenetically related to algae. They cause devastating diseases in both plants and animals. Here, we describe seven oomycete species that are emerging or re-emerging threats to agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture and natural ecosystems. They include the plant pathogens Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora palmivora, Phytophthora ramorum, Plasmopara obducens, and the animal pathogens Aphanomyces invadans, Saprolegnia parasitica and Halioticida noduliformans. For each species, we describe its pathology, importance and impact, discuss why it is an emerging threat and briefly review current research activities.This article is part of the themed issue 'Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience'.

卵菌，又称水霉，是在系统发育上与藻类相关的类真菌生物。它们在植物和动物中都会引发毁灭性的疾病。在此，我们描述了7种对农业、园艺、水产养殖和自然生态系统构成新出现或再次出现的威胁的卵菌物种。它们包括植物病原菌致病疫霉（Phytophthora infestans）、棕榈疫霉（Phytophthora palmivora）、栎树猝死病菌（Phytophthora ramorum）、葡萄霜霉病菌（Plasmopara obducens），以及动物病原菌杀鱼丝囊霉（Aphanomyces invadans）、寄生水霉（Saprolegnia parasitica）和结节拟海壶菌（Halioticida noduliformans）。对于每个物种，我们描述了其病理学特征、重要性和影响，讨论了它为何是一种新出现的威胁，并简要综述了当前的研究活动。本文是“应对对动物健康、粮食安全和生态系统恢复力新出现的真菌威胁”主题专刊的一部分。