Phylogenetic biogeography and taxonomy of disjunctly distributed bryophytes

More than 200 research papers on the molecular phylogeny and phylogenetic biogeography of bryophytes have been published since the beginning of this millenium. These papers corroborated assumptions of a complex genetic structure of morphologically circumscribed bryophytes, and raised reservations against many morphologically justified species concepts, especially within the mosses. However, many molecular studies allowed for corrections and modifications of morphological classification schemes. Several studies reported that the phylogenetic structure of disjunctly distributed bryophyte species reflects their geographical ranges rather than morphological disparities. Molecular data led to new appraisals of distribution ranges and allowed for the reconstruction of refugia and migration routes. Intercontinental ranges of bryophytes are often caused by dispersal rather than geographical vicariance. Many distribution patterns of disjunct bryophytes are likely formed by processes such as short distance dispersal, rare long distance dispersal events, extinction, recolonization and diversification.

自本世纪初以来，已经发表了200多篇关于苔藓植物分子系统发育和系统发育生物地理学的研究论文。这些论文证实了形态上界定的苔藓植物具有复杂遗传结构的假设，并对许多基于形态的物种概念提出了保留意见，尤其是在藓类植物中。然而，许多分子研究对形态分类方案进行了修正和改进。一些研究报告称，间断分布的苔藓植物物种的系统发育结构反映的是它们的地理分布范围，而非形态差异。分子数据导致了对分布范围的重新评估，并使得避难所和迁移路线的重建成为可能。苔藓植物的洲际分布范围往往是由扩散而非地理隔离造成的。许多间断分布苔藓植物的分布模式可能是由短距离扩散、罕见的长距离扩散事件、灭绝、重新定殖和多样化等过程形成的。