S-QGPU: Shared Quantum Gate Processing Unit for Distributed Quantum Computing

We propose a distributed quantum computing (DQC) architecture in which individual small-sized quantum computers are connected to a shared quantum gate processing unit (S-QGPU). The S-QGPU comprises a collection of hybrid two-qubit gate modules for remote gate operations. In contrast to conventional DQC systems, where each quantum computer is equipped with dedicated communication qubits, S-QGPU effectively pools the resources (e.g., the communication qubits) together for remote gate operations, and thus significantly reduces the cost of not only the local quantum computers but also the overall distributed system. Our preliminary analysis and simulation show that S-QGPU's shared resources for remote gate operations enable efficient resource utilization. When not all computing qubits (also called data qubits) in the system require simultaneous remote gate operations, S-QGPU-based DQC architecture demands fewer communication qubits, further decreasing the overall cost. Alternatively, with the same number of communication qubits, it can support a larger number of simultaneous remote gate operations more efficiently, especially when these operations occur in a burst mode.

我们提出一种分布式量子计算（DQC）架构，其中单个小型量子计算机连接到一个共享量子门处理单元（S - QGPU）。S - QGPU包含一组用于远程门操作的混合双量子比特门模块。与传统的DQC系统不同，在传统系统中每个量子计算机都配备有专用的通信量子比特，而S - QGPU有效地将资源（例如通信量子比特）集中在一起用于远程门操作，因此不仅显著降低了本地量子计算机的成本，也降低了整个分布式系统的成本。我们的初步分析和模拟表明，S - QGPU用于远程门操作的共享资源能够实现高效的资源利用。当系统中并非所有计算量子比特（也称为数据量子比特）都需要同时进行远程门操作时，基于S - QGPU的DQC架构需要更少的通信量子比特，进一步降低了总成本。或者，在通信量子比特数量相同的情况下，它能够更高效地支持更多数量的同时远程门操作，特别是当这些操作以突发模式发生时。