Chromatin modifications in DNA repair.

A requirement of nuclear processes that use DNA as a substrate is the manipulation of chromatin in which the DNA is packaged. Chromatin modifications cause alterations of histones and DNA, and result in a permissive chromatin environment for these nuclear processes. Recent advances in the fields of DNA repair and chromatin reveal that both histone modifications and chromatin-remodeling complexes are essential for the repair of DNA lesions, such as DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In particular, chromatin-modifying complexes, such as the INO80, SWR1, RSC, and SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes and the NuA4 and Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complexes are implicated in DNA repair. The activity of these chromatin-modifying complexes influences the efficiency of the DNA repair process, which ultimately affects genome integrity and carcinogenesis. Thus, the process of DNA repair requires the cooperative activities of evolutionarily conserved chromatin-modifying complexes that facilitate the dynamic chromatin alterations needed during repair of DNA damage.

以DNA为底物的核过程的一个要求是对包裹DNA的染色质进行操作。染色质修饰会引起组蛋白和DNA的改变，并为这些核过程营造一个宽松的染色质环境。DNA修复和染色质领域的最新进展表明，组蛋白修饰和染色质重塑复合物对于DNA损伤（如DNA双链断裂）的修复都是必不可少的。特别是，染色质修饰复合物，如INO80、SWR1、RSC和SWI/SNF依赖ATP的染色质重塑复合物以及NuA4和Tip60组蛋白乙酰转移酶复合物都与DNA修复有关。这些染色质修饰复合物的活性影响DNA修复过程的效率，这最终会影响基因组的完整性和致癌作用。因此，DNA修复过程需要进化上保守的染色质修饰复合物协同作用，以促进DNA损伤修复过程中所需的动态染色质改变。