领导者情绪智力对领导力效能影响的元分析

There are significant differences in previous research on the relationship between leaders' emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. The meta-analysis method was used to examine the impact of leaders' emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness and its moderating variables of organizational context and research methods. By including 98 Chinese and English literatures and 110 effect sizes (n = 27330), the results show that: (1) There is a moderately positive correlation between leaders' emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness (r = 0.39). (2) The test of the moderating role of organizational context factors found that the impact of the emotional intelligence of senior leaders on leadership effectiveness is significantly higher than that of middle-level and grassroots leaders, the impact of the emotional intelligence of leaders in non-profit organizations on leadership effectiveness is stronger than that in for-profit organizations, and the impact of the emotional intelligence of leaders in the context of Eastern culture on leadership effectiveness is stronger than that in the context of Western culture. (3) The test of the moderating role of method factors found that the impact of leaders' emotional intelligence measured by the mixed model on leadership effectiveness is higher than that measured by the ability model, the correlation coefficient of leadership effectiveness measured by objective indicators is larger than that of subjective indicators, the impact of leaders' emotional intelligence on work attitude indicators is weaker than that on work performance indicators, and the impact of leaders' emotional intelligence on group-level effectiveness is stronger than that on individual-level. Exploring the moderating variables of the relationship between leaders' emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness from aspects such as research design and publication standards is the focus of future research.

以往领导者情绪智力和领导力效能之间关系的研究存在很大分歧。运用元分析方法考察了领导者情绪智力对领导力效能的影响及其组织情境和研究方法调节变量。通过纳入98 篇中英文文献和110 个效应量(n =27330), 结果表明：(1)领导者情绪智力与领导力效能存在中等程度的正相关(r = 0.39)。(2)组织情境因素的调节作用检验发现, 高层领导者的情绪智力对领导力效能的影响明显高于中层和基层领导者, 非营利性组织中的领导者情绪智力对领导力效能的影响比营利组织中的影响更强, 东方文化背景下的领导者情绪智力对领导力效能的影响比西方文化背景下更强。(3)方法因素的调节作用检验发现, 采用混合模型测量的领导者情绪智力对领导力效能的影响高于采用能力模型测量的结果, 采用客观指标衡量领导力效能的相关系数比主观指标更大, 领导者情绪智力对工作态度指标的影响弱于工作绩效指标, 领导者情绪智力对群体层次效能的影响强于个体层次。从研究设计和出版标准等方面探究领导者情绪智力和领导力效能之间关系的调节变量是未来研究的重点。