Bispecific antibodies and their applications.

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) recognize two different epitopes. This dual specificity opens up a wide range of applications, including redirecting T cells to tumor cells, blocking two different signaling pathways simultaneously, dual targeting of different disease mediators, and delivering payloads to targeted sites. The approval of catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM and anti-CD3) and blinatumomab (anti-CD19 and anti-CD3) has become a major milestone in the development of bsAbs. Currently, more than 60 different bsAb formats exist, some of them making their way into the clinical pipeline. This review summarizes diverse formats of bsAbs and their clinical applications and sheds light on strategies to optimize the design of bsAbs.

双特异性抗体（BsAbs）可识别两种不同的表位。这种双重特异性开辟了广泛的应用，包括将T细胞重定向至肿瘤细胞、同时阻断两种不同的信号通路、对不同疾病介质进行双重靶向以及将有效载荷递送至靶向位点。卡妥索单抗（抗上皮细胞黏附分子和抗CD3）以及贝林妥欧单抗（抗CD19和抗CD3）的获批已成为双特异性抗体发展的一个重要里程碑。目前，存在60多种不同的双特异性抗体形式，其中一些已进入临床研发管线。本综述总结了双特异性抗体的多种形式及其临床应用，并阐明了优化双特异性抗体设计的策略。