Population dynamics and genetic connectivity in recent chimpanzee history.

Knowledge on the population history of endangered species is critical for conservation, but whole-genome data on chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is geographically sparse. Here, we produced the first non-invasive geolocalized catalog of genomic diversity by capturing chromosome 21 from 828 non-invasive samples collected at 48 sampling sites across Africa. The four recognized subspecies show clear genetic differentiation correlating with known barriers, while previously undescribed genetic exchange suggests that these have been permeable on a local scale. We obtained a detailed reconstruction of population stratification and fine-scale patterns of isolation, migration, and connectivity, including a comprehensive picture of admixture with bonobos (Pan paniscus). Unlike humans, chimpanzees did not experience extended episodes of long-distance migrations, which might have limited cultural transmission. Finally, based on local rare variation, we implement a fine-grained geolocalization approach demonstrating improved precision in determining the origin of confiscated chimpanzees. Chromosome 21 capture of geolocalized non-invasive chimpanzee samples Support for four differentiated subspecies with local population structure Fine-scale description of gene flow barriers and corridors since Late Pleistocene Power to infer geographical origin of confiscated chimpanzees Fontsere et al. captured and sequenced chromosome 21 from 828 non-invasively collected chimpanzee samples, providing an extensive catalog of genomic diversity for wild chimpanzee populations. The authors describe patterns of isolation and connectivity between localities and implement a fine-grained geolocalization approach to infer the origin of confiscated chimpanzees.

濒危物种的种群历史知识对于保护工作至关重要，但黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的全基因组数据在地理分布上很稀疏。在此，我们通过从非洲48个采样点收集的828份非侵入性样本中获取21号染色体，制作了首个具有地理定位的基因组多样性非侵入性目录。四个已被确认的亚种显示出与已知障碍相关的明显遗传分化，而此前未被描述的基因交流表明，在局部范围内这些障碍是具有渗透性的。我们对种群分层以及隔离、迁徙和连通性的精细模式进行了详细的重建，包括与倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）杂交的全面情况。与人类不同，黑猩猩没有经历过长距离迁徙的长期事件，这可能限制了文化传播。最后，基于局部罕见变异，我们实施了一种精细的地理定位方法，证明在确定被没收黑猩猩的来源方面提高了精度。 具有地理定位的非侵入性黑猩猩样本的21号染色体获取 对具有局部种群结构的四个分化亚种的支持 对晚更新世以来基因流障碍和通道的精细描述 推断被没收黑猩猩地理起源的能力 丰特塞雷等人从828份非侵入性收集的黑猩猩样本中获取并对21号染色体进行测序，为野生黑猩猩种群提供了广泛的基因组多样性目录。作者描述了不同地点之间的隔离和连通模式，并实施了一种精细的地理定位方法来推断被没收黑猩猩的起源。