Shape-morphing materials and structures for energy-efficient building envelopes

Buildings account for 30% of global energy consumption. Improving the energy efficiency of buildings becomes essential to reducing energy consumption for alleviating their deteriorating impacts on the environment. As one of the key elements, the building envelope is essential to reducing the building energy consumption. Recent researches have demonstrated the promise of environmentally adaptive shape-morphing building envelopes in enhancing energy efficiency over the conventional stationary ones. In this review, we briefly discuss the recent advances in energy-efficient shape-morphing building envelopes from both structural designs and engineering materials viewpoints for energy saving and energy harvesting. For structural designs, we discuss the designs and performances of four representative categories of shape-morphing building envelopes, including conventional dynamic facades with simple rigid motions, biomimic adaptive structures, reconfigurable kirigami/origami-based structures, and morphable wrinkling surface-based smart windows. For materials design, we discuss the typical materials and design strategies used for actuating the shape-morphing building envelopes and smart windows. We expect that this brief review will be insightful for developing future shape-morphing building envelopes to make buildings more energetically efficient, comfortable, and environmentally friendly. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

建筑物占全球能源消耗的30%。提高建筑物的能源效率对于降低能源消耗以减轻其对环境日益恶化的影响至关重要。作为关键要素之一，建筑围护结构对于降低建筑能耗至关重要。近期的研究表明，与传统的固定围护结构相比，环境适应性形状可变的建筑围护结构在提高能源效率方面具有潜力。在这篇综述中，我们从结构设计和工程材料的角度简要讨论了节能形状可变建筑围护结构在节能和能量收集方面的最新进展。在结构设计方面，我们讨论了四类具有代表性的形状可变建筑围护结构的设计和性能，包括具有简单刚性运动的传统动态外立面、仿生自适应结构、基于可重构剪纸/折纸的结构以及基于可变形褶皱表面的智能窗户。在材料设计方面，我们讨论了用于驱动形状可变建筑围护结构和智能窗户的典型材料和设计策略。我们期望这篇简要综述将对开发未来的形状可变建筑围护结构具有启发意义，以使建筑物更节能、舒适和环保。（C）2021爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。