283份小麦品种(系)萌发期耐盐碱性评价及种质筛选

Using a mixed solution of 150 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl and 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3/Na_2CO_3 (1:1) to simulate salt and alkali stress respectively, a saline-alkali stress test during the germination period was carried out on 283 wheat germplasm resources, and the saline-alkali tolerance characteristics of wheat germplasm resources were comprehensively analyzed based on 11 trait indicators. The results showed that under salt and alkali stress, the values of 11 indicators differed significantly among the 283 wheat germplasm resources. Under NaCl stress, the lengths of plumules, fresh weights of plumules, and dry weights of plumules had large ranges of variation; under alkali stress, the lengths of radicles, fresh weights of radicles, and dry weights of radicles had large ranges of variation. The correlation analysis of subordinate function values showed that there were correlations of different degrees among various traits, and the correlations among various traits under saline-alkali stress were different. Eight traits with large coefficients of variation were selected for principal component analysis and summarized into 4 principal components. The cumulative contribution rates of salt and alkali stress were 76.2% and 83.59% respectively. Through cluster analysis, the 283 wheat materials under salt and alkali stress were each divided into 3 categories, and 10 saline-alkali-tolerant materials were screened out, namely Baimangmai, f106, Heshangtou, Sifangmai, Zhubao, Zhongliang 22, f78, Youzimai, Heshangmai, and Ailiduo. The research results provide a reference basis for the cultivation of saline-alkali-tolerant varieties during the wheat germination period and the research on the related mechanisms of saline-alkali stress.

采用150 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl和100 mmol·L~(-1)NaHCO_3/Na_2CO_3( 1 :1)混合溶液分别模拟盐和碱胁迫,对283份小麦种质资源进行萌发期盐碱胁迫试验,基于11项性状指标综合分析了小麦种质资源耐盐碱性特点。结果表明:在盐和碱胁迫下,11项指标值在283份小麦种质资源之间差异显著。NaCl胁迫下,胚芽长、胚芽鲜重和胚芽干重变幅较大;碱胁迫下,胚根长、胚根鲜重、胚根干重变幅较大。隶属函数值相关性分析表明,各性状之间存在不同程度的相关性,且盐碱胁迫下各性状之间的相关性存在差异。选取8个变异系数大的性状进行主成分分析,归纳为4个主成分,盐、碱胁迫累计贡献率分别为76.2%和83.59%。通过聚类分析,将盐、碱胁迫下283份小麦材料各划分为3类,筛选出10份耐盐碱型材料,分别为白芒麦、f106、和尚头、四方麦、轴包、中梁22、f78、蚰子麦、和尚麦、矮立多。该研究结果为小麦萌发期耐盐碱品种的培育耐及盐碱胁迫相关机理研究提供了参考依据。