雷达海杂波测量试验回顾与展望

Under the conditions of complex marine environmental conditions, the detection performance of marine targets is greatly affected by sea clutter. There are many factors influencing sea clutter, the mechanism is complex, and it is difficult to describe the characteristics and suppress it. Long-term, systematic, continuous and in-depth research is required. Conducting sea clutter measurement tests and obtaining measurement data under the influence of different parameters is an important prerequisite for effectively supporting this research. This article focuses on the situation of sea clutter measurement tests and classifies, combs and summarizes the typical field tests carried out by countries such as Canada, South Africa, Australia, the United States, Spain and Germany from two aspects of shore-based tests and airborne tests. It reviews the sea clutter measurement tests in wave-making pools carried out by the United States and Japan and briefly introduces the sea clutter measurement tests carried out in China and the construction situation of the marine target detection test center in Yantai. Finally, it makes a prospect for the directions that still need to be focused on in subsequent tests, including that systematic and continuous sea clutter measurement tests still need to be further carried out, the sea clutter measurement tests and data analysis guided by mission backgrounds still need to be strengthened, and the datasets of sea clutter and target echoes for intelligent radar applications urgently need to be constructed.

在复杂海洋环境条件下,海上目标探测性能受海杂波的影响很大。海杂波影响因素众多,机理复杂,特征描述和抑制难度大,需要开展长期、系统、持续、深入研究。开展海杂波测量试验并获取不同参数影响下的测量数据,是有效支撑该研究的重要前提。该文重点围绕海杂波测量试验情况,从岸基试验和机载试验两个方面,对加拿大、南非、澳大利亚、美国、西班牙、德国等国家开展的典型外场试验进行了归类梳理和总结,回顾了美国和日本开展的造浪池海杂波测量试验,并简要介绍了国内开展的海杂波测量试验和烟台的海上目标探测试验中心建设情况。最后,对后续试验仍需重点关注的方向做了展望,包括系统性、持续性的海杂波测量试验仍需进一步开展,任务背景牵引的海杂波测量试验及数据分析仍需强化,面向智能雷达应用的海杂波和目标回波数据集亟需构建。