Timing Deficits in ADHD: Insights From the Neuroscience of Musical Rhythm.

Everyday human behavior relies upon extraordinary feats of coordination within the brain. In this perspective paper, we argue that the rich temporal structure of music provides an informative context in which to investigate how the brain coordinates its complex activities in time, and how that coordination can be disrupted. We bring insights from the neuroscience of musical rhythm to considerations of timing deficits in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), highlighting the significant overlap between neural systems involved in processing musical rhythm and those implicated in ADHD. We suggest that timing deficits warrant closer investigation since they could lead to the identification of potentially informative phenotypes, tied to neurobiological and genetic factors. Our novel interdisciplinary approach builds upon recent trends in both fields of research: in the neuroscience of rhythm, an increasingly nuanced understanding of the specific contributions of neural systems to rhythm processing, and in ADHD, an increasing focus on differentiating phenotypes and identifying distinct etiological pathways associated with the disorder. Finally, we consider the impact of musical experience on rhythm processing and the potential value of musical rhythm in therapeutic interventions.

人类的日常行为依赖于大脑内部非凡的协调能力。在这篇观点性论文中，我们认为，音乐丰富的时间结构为研究大脑如何在时间上协调其复杂活动以及这种协调如何被破坏提供了一个有价值的背景。我们将音乐节奏神经科学的见解引入到对注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）中时间把握缺陷的思考中，强调了参与音乐节奏处理的神经系统与那些与ADHD有关的神经系统之间存在显著重叠。我们认为，时间把握缺陷值得更深入的研究，因为它们可能会导致识别出与神经生物学和遗传因素相关的潜在有价值的表型。我们这种新颖的跨学科方法建立在两个研究领域的最新趋势之上：在节奏神经科学中，对神经系统对节奏处理的具体贡献有了越来越细致的理解；在ADHD研究中，越来越关注区分表型以及识别与该疾病相关的不同病因途径。最后，我们考虑了音乐经验对节奏处理的影响以及音乐节奏在治疗干预中的潜在价值。