Proteomic Analysis of Irradiation with Millimeter Waves on Soybean Growth under Flooding Conditions

Improving soybean growth and tolerance under environmental stress is crucial for sustainable development. Millimeter waves are a radio-frequency band with a wavelength range of 1–10 mm that has dynamic effects on organisms. To investigate the potential effects of millimeter-waves irradiation on soybean seedlings, morphological and proteomic analyses were performed. Millimeter-waves irradiation improved the growth of roots/hypocotyl and the tolerance of soybean to flooding stress. Proteomic analysis indicated that the irradiated soybean seedlings recovered under oxidative stress during growth, whereas proteins related to glycolysis and ascorbate/glutathione metabolism were not affected. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the promotive effect of millimeter waves to glycolysis- and redox-related pathways under flooding conditions. Sugar metabolism was suppressed under flooding in unirradiated soybean seedlings, whereas it was activated in the irradiated ones, especially trehalose synthesis. These results suggest that millimeter-waves irradiation on soybean seeds promotes the recovery of soybean seedlings under oxidative stress, which positively regulates soybean growth through the regulation of glycolysis and redox related pathways.

在环境胁迫下提高大豆的生长和耐受性对可持续发展至关重要。毫米波是一种波长范围在1 - 10毫米的射频波段，对生物体具有动态影响。为了研究毫米波辐照对大豆幼苗的潜在影响，进行了形态学和蛋白质组学分析。毫米波辐照促进了大豆根/下胚轴的生长以及对水淹胁迫的耐受性。蛋白质组学分析表明，受辐照的大豆幼苗在生长过程中的氧化应激下得以恢复，而与糖酵解和抗坏血酸/谷胱甘肽代谢相关的蛋白质未受影响。免疫印迹分析证实了毫米波在水淹条件下对糖酵解和氧化还原相关途径的促进作用。在水淹条件下，未受辐照的大豆幼苗的糖代谢受到抑制，而在受辐照的幼苗中则被激活，尤其是海藻糖的合成。这些结果表明，对大豆种子进行毫米波辐照可促进大豆幼苗在氧化应激下的恢复，通过调节糖酵解和氧化还原相关途径正向调控大豆的生长。