Optimizing Surgeon Well-Being: A Review and Synthesis of Best Practices.

Through a systematic review and mixed-methods meta-synthesis of the existing literature on surgeon well-being, we sought to identify the specific elements of surgeon well-being, examine factors associated with suboptimal well-being, and highlight opportunities to promote well-being. Suboptimal surgeon well-being has lasting and substantial impacts to the individual surgeon, patients, and to society as a whole. However, most of the existing literature focuses on only 1 aspect of well-being—burnout. While undoubtedly a crucial component of overall well-being, the mere absence of burnout does not fully consider the complexities of being a surgeon. We performed a literature search within Ovid Medline, Elsevier Excerpta Medica dataBASE, EBSCOhost Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Clarivate Web of Science from inception to May 7, 2020, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies with primary data examining surgeon well-being were included. Using a predetermined instrument, data were abstracted from each study and compared using thematic analysis. A total of 5369 abstracts were identified and screened, with 184 full articles (172 quantitative, 3 qualitative, 9 mixed methods) selected for analysis. Among these, 91 articles measured burnout, 82 examined career satisfaction, 95 examined work-related stressors, 44 explored relationships and families, and 85 assessed emotional and physical health. Thematic analysis revealed 4 themes: professional components, personal components, work-life balance, and impacts to well-being. Surgeon well-being is complex and multifaceted. This nuanced examination of surgeon well-being highlights the critical need to develop and provide more long-term support to surgeons—with interventions being tailored based on individual, institutional, and systemic factors. Mini-abstract: A meta-analysis of surgeon well-being revealed 4 domains to be most prevalent in the existing literature: professional components, personal components, work-life balance, and impacts to well-being. Despite the existing literature lacking a cohesive definition, studies were consistent with regard to reporting the multitude of variables that constitute surgeon well-being, its impacts, and the potential implications. The complex and multifaceted nature of this topic highlights the critical need to develop and provide more long-term support to surgeons—with interventions being tailored based on individual, institutional, and systemic factors. Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

通过对有关外科医生幸福感的现有文献进行系统综述和混合方法的元综合分析，我们试图确定外科医生幸福感的具体要素，研究与次优幸福感相关的因素，并强调促进幸福感的机会。 外科医生的次优幸福感对个体外科医生、患者以及整个社会都有持久而重大的影响。然而，现有的大多数文献仅关注幸福感的一个方面——职业倦怠。虽然职业倦怠无疑是整体幸福感的一个关键组成部分，但仅仅没有职业倦怠并不能充分考虑到作为一名外科医生的复杂性。 我们按照系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南，在Ovid Medline、爱思唯尔医学文摘数据库、EBSCOhost护理及相关健康文献累积索引以及科睿唯安科学网中进行了文献检索，检索时间从数据库建立至2020年5月7日。纳入了具有原始数据且研究外科医生幸福感的研究。使用预先确定的工具，从每项研究中提取数据，并通过主题分析进行比较。 共确定并筛选了5369篇摘要，选择了184篇全文（172篇定量研究，3篇定性研究，9篇混合方法研究）进行分析。其中，91篇文章测量了职业倦怠，82篇研究了职业满意度，95篇研究了与工作相关的压力源，44篇探讨了人际关系和家庭，85篇评估了情绪和身体健康。主题分析揭示了4个主题：职业因素、个人因素、工作与生活的平衡以及对幸福感的影响。 外科医生的幸福感是复杂且多面的。对外科医生幸福感的这种细致入微的研究凸显了为外科医生制定和提供更长期支持的迫切需求——干预措施应根据个人、机构和系统因素进行定制。 小型摘要：对外科医生幸福感的一项元分析显示，在现有文献中最普遍的4个领域是：职业因素、个人因素、工作与生活的平衡以及对幸福感的影响。尽管现有文献缺乏一个统一的定义，但在报告构成外科医生幸福感的众多变量、其影响以及潜在影响方面，各项研究是一致的。这个主题的复杂性和多面性凸显了为外科医生制定和提供更长期支持的迫切需求——干预措施应根据个人、机构和系统因素进行定制。 文中有补充数字内容。