具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

The discovery of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon has provided the best solution to the problem of fluorescence quenching of traditional organic fluorescent molecules in high concentrations and aggregated forms, and has achieved wide applications in many fields such as optoelectronic devices, chemical sensing, biological imaging, and targeted therapy. With the continuous deepening of the research on the AIE luminescence mechanism, the AIE molecular system has been greatly expanded. Among them, a class of AIE molecules with a donor - acceptor structure can significantly reduce the molecular energy gap, extending the wavelength of the luminescent molecules from the visible light region (400 - 700 nm) to the near-infrared (NIR) region (700 - 1700 nm). Due to the unique advantages of NIR luminescent molecules in the biomedical field, it has become a current research hotspot of AIE. With the continuous exploration of the design and application of NIR molecules, AIE molecules with different functions and longer emission wavelengths have also been developed, and NIR fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy of specific tissues in organisms have been achieved. This article summarizes the structures of NIR fluorescent molecules with AIE properties and their related applications in the biomedical field in recent years.

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用。随着对AIE发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE分子体系得到了极大的扩展。其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分子波长从可见光区(400~700 nm)延伸到近红外(NIR)区(700~1700 nm)。由于NIR发光分子在生物医学领域中的独特优势,其已成为目前AIE研究的热点。随着对NIR分子设计及应用的不断探索,附加不同功能且发光波长更长的AIE分子也被开发出来了,并实现了对生物体特定组织的NIR荧光成像、光声成像、光动力治疗和光热治疗等。本文总结了近年来具有AIE性能的NIR荧光分子的结构及其在生物医学领域的相关应用。