单色绿光环境对孵化中种蛋蛋壳理化特性的影响

The eggshell is an important medium for gas and heat exchange with the external environment during the development of chicken embryos, and factors such as its structure and morphology are all important factors affecting the development of chicken embryos. Monochromatic green light irradiation can shorten the incubation time of hatching eggs, promote hatching, and increase the hatching rate of hatching eggs. In view of this, this study monitored factors such as the eggshell color, eggshell structure, pigment content, and element content of hatching eggs during the incubation process regulated by monochromatic green light, and explored the mechanism by which monochromatic green light promotes the hatching of chicks during the incubation process of hatching eggs from the perspective of changes in the characteristics of the eggshell. The results showed that compared with the traditional dark incubation environment, the light environment formed by monochromatic green light during the incubation process促使 the eggshell to produce an adaptive response to the incubation environment, the surface brightness of the eggshell decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and the decomposition of the green pigment - biliverdin in the eggshell was inhibited (P < 0.01). Moreover, monochromatic green light helps chicken embryos to absorb and utilize the Ca element in the eggshell, significantly promotes the weathering and enlargement of the pore area on the surface of the eggshell during the incubation process (P < 0.0001), improves the permeability and heat dissipation effect of the eggshell, is beneficial for chicks to break out of the shell during the hatching period, helps to promote hatching and reduce the incubation mortality rate. This study analyzed the changes in the characteristics of the eggshell of hatching eggs during the monochromatic green light incubation process, and laid a certain theoretical foundation for the promotion of hatching of hatching eggs by monochromatic green light and its application in the incubation industry.

蛋壳是鸡胚发育过程中与外界环境进行气体和热量交换的重要媒介,其结构、形态等因素均为影响鸡胚发育的重要因素。单色绿光照射可缩短种蛋孵化时间,促进出雏、提高种蛋孵化率。有鉴于此,该研究针对单色绿光调控孵化过程中的种蛋蛋壳色度、蛋壳结构、色素含量及元素含量等因素进行监测,从种蛋蛋壳特性变化的角度探究单色绿光在种蛋孵化过程中促进雏鸡出雏的机制。结果表明,与传统黑暗孵化环境相比较,孵化过程单色绿光形成的光环境促使蛋壳对孵化环境产生适应性响应,蛋壳表面亮度显著降低(P<0.01),抑制了蛋壳中绿色色素-胆绿素的分解(P<0.01)。且单色绿光有助于鸡胚吸收利用蛋壳中的Ca元素,显著促进孵化过程中蛋壳表面孔隙面积的风化增大(P<0.000 1),提高蛋壳的通透性及散热效果,利于出雏期间雏鸡出壳,有助于促进出雏并降低孵化死亡率。该研究阐析了单色绿光孵化过程中种蛋蛋壳特性的变化,为单色绿光促进种蛋出雏及其在孵化产业的应用奠定了一定的理论基础。