内蒙古河套灌区节水灌溉与水肥高效利用研究展望

Water shortage, soil salinization and low fertilizer utilization rate are the three major factors restricting the sustainable agricultural development in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia. With the implementation of water-saving projects in the irrigation district and the limitation of water diversion volume by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, the amount of water diverted from the Yellow River has been significantly reduced, and great changes have taken place in the rational allocation of water resources, irrigation methods, water and fertilizer management models and the ecological environment of Hetao Irrigation District. In the construction of modern irrigation districts restricted by water resources and in need of water and fertilizer management, many new problems have emerged in the irrigation district, and theoretical support is urgently needed. This paper summarizes the research achievements in Hetao Irrigation District from 2000 to 2020 from several aspects such as the research on agricultural water consumption in Hetao Irrigation District, the theory of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation, the water-saving and salt-controlling irrigation system and the impact of water-saving on crop quality, the coupling mechanism of water and nitrogen and the coupling mechanism of organic and inorganic fertilizers in salinized irrigation districts, etc., and proposes that in future research, the application of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technologies based on the ecological security of the irrigation district should be strengthened, and the research on optimizing the irrigation system and improving crop quality, the research on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles and nitrogen mineralization and the application of modern technologies should be carried out.

水资源短缺、土壤盐渍化及肥料利用率低是制约内蒙古河套灌区农业可持续发展的三大主要因素。随着灌区节水工程的实施和黄河水利委员会对灌区引水量的限制,引黄水量大幅度减少,河套灌区的水资源合理配置、灌溉方式、水肥运筹模式及灌区生态环境发生较大变化。灌区受水资源限制和水肥管理需要的现代灌区建设中面临许多新的问题,迫切需要理论支撑。该文从河套灌区农业耗水研究、高效节水灌溉理论、节水控盐灌溉制度和节水对作物品质影响、盐渍化灌区水氮耦合与有机无机肥耦合机制等几个方面总结了河套灌区2000—2020年的研究成果,并提出了在未来的研究中,应加强基于灌区生态安全的高效节水灌溉技术的应用,优化灌溉制度及作物品质提升的研究、土壤碳氮循环和氮素矿化研究及现代化技术的应用。