放射性肺损伤中巨噬细胞作用机制的研究进展

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is an adverse reaction that occurs during radiotherapy for patients with malignant tumors such as lung cancer and esophageal cancer, including acute radiation pneumonitis and chronic radiation pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary macrophages are a type of natural immune cell that maintains lung homeostasis and play a crucial role throughout the pathological process of RILI. In the early stage of RILI, pulmonary macrophages are activated into the M1 type, secrete inflammatory cytokines, induce an inflammatory response, and simultaneously produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species through promoting the reactive oxygen species-induced cascade reaction of reactive oxygen species, further damaging lung tissue. In the middle and late stages of RILI, pulmonary macrophages transform into the M2 type, secrete profibrotic cytokines, and promote the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This article summarizes the role of pulmonary macrophages in the pathogenesis of RILI and the potential clinical application prospects.

放射性肺损伤(RILI)是肺癌、食管癌等恶性肿瘤患者进行放射治疗时产生的不良反应,包括急性放射性肺炎和慢性放射性肺纤维化。肺巨噬细胞是维持肺部稳态的一种天然免疫细胞,在RILI整个病理过程中均发挥关键作用。在RILI早期,肺巨噬细胞发生M1型活化,分泌炎性细胞因子,诱导炎症反应,同时通过促进活性氧诱导的活性氧级联反应产生大量活性氧,进一步损伤肺组织。在RILI中晚期,肺巨噬细胞向M2型转化,分泌促纤维细胞因子,促进放射性肺纤维化的发展。本文总结了肺巨噬细胞在RILI发病机制中的作用以及潜在的临床应用前景。